Occupational Safety and Health Standards in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of machine safety?

To prevent accidents, injuries, and fatalities during machine operation (correct)

To minimize the repair costs of machinery

To maximize the efficiency of machinery

To increase the speed of industrial machines

Which department in the Philippines oversees the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)?

Department of Health

Department of Agriculture

Department of Public Works and Highways

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) (correct)

What are some potential consequences of machine-related accidents mentioned in the text?

Improved employee morale

Enhanced job satisfaction

Increased productivity

Blindness, severed fingers, and death (correct)

Why is it important for operators to check the condition of machines regularly?

To prevent machine failure through proactive maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) according to the text?

Protecting workers from injury, sickness, or death through safe working conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the practices, procedures, and technologies implemented to ensure the well-being of individuals and the safe operation of machinery and equipment?

Machine Safety Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief constituent of Ferrous Metals?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Cast Iron that distinguishes it from other ferrous alloys?

Excellent casting qualities Signup and view all the answers

Which element is added to Cast Iron to increase resistance to wear and abrasions?

Manganese Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Chromium in Cast Iron?

Increase hardenability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements in Cast Iron works as a deoxidizer in steel?

Titanium Signup and view all the answers

What role does Molybdenum play in Cast Iron?

Enhances hardenability Signup and view all the answers

What must be guarded in a machine to protect the operator and others?

Point of operation Signup and view all the answers

How should portable circular saws be guarded?

Above and below the base plate Signup and view all the answers

What type of switch is required for hand-held power tools like circular saws to shut off power upon release?

Constant pressure switch Signup and view all the answers

Which electric tool should be operated within its design limitations?

Angle grinder with an oversized wheel Signup and view all the answers

What part of the saw must be covered by the lower guard in a portable circular saw?

Teeth of the blade Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must be guarded according to safety guidelines for machine operation?

Operational controls Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action to protect a worker from shock when using electric tools?

Have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before mounting abrasive wheels on tools?

Inspect closely for damage Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for portable abrasive wheel tools?

Having guards that cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to ensure electrical safety when operating electric tools?

Using gloves and appropriate safety footwear Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential practice for using powered grinders?

Always use eye or face protection Signup and view all the answers

Where should electric tools be stored when not in use?

In a dry place Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) unsuitable for applications requiring stiffness and high temperature resistance?

Low temperature flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What property makes Polypropylene (PP) a popular choice across various industries?

Heat resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of Polystyrene (PS) makes it suitable for electrical applications?

Insulation properties Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of Thermoset plastics over other materials?

Resistant to high temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which class of thermoset plastics results in strong, stiff materials with excellent physical and chemical properties?

Phenolics (PF) Signup and view all the answers

What prevents movement of molecular chains in thermosetting plastics after curing?

Cross-linking Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electric Tool Safety

Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools.
Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use.
Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they are approved for that purpose.
Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools.
Ensure that cords from electric tools do not present a tripping hazard.
Electric tools must have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle, be double insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer to protect against shock.

Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools

Portable abrasive wheel tools are used for grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire buffing.
These tools must be equipped with guards that cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections, and maintain proper alignment with the wheel.
When using a powered grinder, always use eye or face protection, turn off the power when not in use, and never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vise.
Inspect abrasive wheels closely for damage before mounting, and perform a sound- or ring-test to ensure they are free from cracks and defects.

Machine Safety

Machine safety refers to the practices, procedures, and technologies implemented to ensure the well-being of individuals and the safe operation of machinery and equipment.
The primary goal of machine safety is to prevent accidents, injuries, and fatalities that may occur during the use, maintenance, or repair of industrial machines.
Causes of machine-related accidents include improper maintenance of machinery.
Machine failure can occur even with careful inspection, but it is less likely to occur if the operator checks the condition of the machine seasonally and again before each day's work.

Metals

Ferrous metals are those in which the chief constituent is iron, and may include other constituents like carbon, sulphur, manganese, and phosphorus.
Non-ferrous metals are those that do not contain iron, and are widely used in the building industry.
Examples of ferrous metals include cast steel, and cast iron, which has a composition of iron (92-95%), carbon (2-2.5%), silicon (1-3%), and manganese.
Cast iron is hard and brittle, and is used for protection from point of operation, in-running nip points, rotating parts, and flying chips and sparks.

Guarding

Guarding is necessary to protect the operator and others from point of operation, in-running nip points, rotating parts, and flying chips and sparks.
Machine guards must cover the point of operation, where the work is actually performed on the materials.
Examples of guarding include guarding portable circular saws above and below the base plate or shoe.

Operating Controls and Switches

Hand-power tools must be equipped with controls and switches, such as drills, tappers, fastener drivers, and horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels more than 2 inches in diameter.
Switches must be one of the following: constant pressure switch, which shuts off power upon release, or on-off switch.

Plastics

Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) is noted for its low temperature flexibility, toughness, and corrosion resistance, but is not suited for applications where stiffness, high temperature resistance, and structural strength are required.
Polypropylene (PP) is a type of polyolefin that is slightly harder than polyethylene, and is known for its balance of strength, flexibility, chemical resistance, and heat tolerance.
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used for its clarity, affordability, and ease of processing, and provides insulation properties for electrical applications.
Thermoset plastics undergo irreversible chemical changes when cured through heat, catalysts, or ultraviolet light, and have advantages such as high temperature resistance, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.
Thermosetting plastics have disadvantages such as being difficult to surface finish, and cannot be recycled or remolded.
Phenolics (PF) are a class of machinable, thermoset plastics made from epoxy or phenolic resins that result in strong, stiff materials with excellent physical and chemical properties.

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Description

Learn about the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) in the Philippines set by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) under Article 162 of the Labor Code. Understand the objective of ensuring safe and healthful working conditions to protect workers and prevent injuries.