46 Questions
What is the underlying pathophysiology thought to be responsible for Sydenham chorea?
Cross-reactivity of antineuronal antibodies with areas in the basal ganglia
Which type of Streptococcus is commonly associated with Acute Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis?
Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus Group A (GABHS)
Which of the following is a common symptom of peritonsillar abscess?
Muffled voice
What type of muscles are typically inflamed in peritonsillar abscess leading to trismus?
Pterygoid muscles
In which anatomical space do peritonsillar abscesses typically occur?
Potential space between the tonsillar capsule and pharyngeal muscle bed
Which bacterial genus was increased in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?
Clostridiales
Which phylum showed significant differences between patients with AR and healthy controls?
Cyanobacteria
What are common physical signs observed in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?
Anterior rhinoscopy swelling and dark circles under the eyes
Which bacterial genera were associated with nasal symptoms in AR patients?
Butyrococcus and Eisenbergiella
What is a characteristic symptom of Allergic Rhinitis according to the text?
'Allergic shiners'
Which examination method is considered valuable for evaluating eustachian tube dysfunction?
Pneumatic otoscopy
What anatomical and functional changes with age can lead to the formation of polyps?
Decreased ciliary beat frequency
What is a key clinical feature of nasal polyposis mentioned in the text?
Decreased sense of smell
What diagnostic procedure can reveal polyps and other benign tumors in the nasal cavity?
Anterior rhinoscopy
How does impaired mucociliary clearance contribute to nasal polyp formation?
It can result in thickening of the basement membrane
What is the role of epithelial basement membrane permeability distortion in nasal polyp development?
It contributes to increased cell and tissue size due to chronic inflammation
How are minor deviations of the nasal septum typically regarded?
As normal developmental variations
What is the association between exposure to wood particles and chronic cigarette smoke with regard to ciliary movements in the nose?
It has been associated with reduced ciliary movements.
Which form of nonallergic rhinitis is most commonly observed clinically?
Vasomotor Rhinitis
What dysregulation may be associated with the cause of vasomotor rhinitis?
Nervous system dysregulation
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly responsible for mucus secretion and rhinorrhea?
Acetylcholine
How is the management of vascular tone in nasal mucosa vessels and secretion modulation initiated?
By modulating sympathetic neurotransmitters
What happens to the submucosal nasal glands in nonallergic rhinitis vasomotor rhinitis due to an imbalance among mediators?
They produce more mucus.
Which clinical feature helps differentiate acute exacerbation of airway obstruction from supraglottitis?
High fever and toxicity
Why is endoscopy necessary to confirm the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
To identify diffusely ulcerated tracheal mucosa
What feature may partially obstruct the tracheal lumen in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?
Copious purulent secretions
In the context of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction, what is one reason plain-film x-rays may be insufficient for diagnosis?
Difficulty visualizing narrowing of the tracheal lumen on x-rays
What distinguishes the clinical features of allergic rhinitis from acute exacerbation of airway obstruction as described in the text?
Presence of copious purulent secretions
How do the clinical features of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction differ from those of a common cold?
Presence of high fever and toxicity
What is the underlying pathophysiology thought to exist in Sydenham chorea?
Antineuronal antibodies cross-react with areas in the basal ganglia
What is a common characteristic symptom of peritonsillar abscesses?
Muffled voice
Which bacterial genus is NOT commonly associated with peritonsillar abscesses?
Pseudomonas
What is the most likely consequence of inflammation of the pterygoid muscles in peritonsillar abscesses?
Trismus
Which anatomical space is commonly affected by retropharyngeal abscesses?
Parapharyngeal space
What is a potential space where parapharyngeal space abscesses can develop?
Between the superior constrictor muscle and the deep cervical fascia
Which muscle is typically inflamed in parapharyngeal abscesses, leading to trismus?
Pterygoid muscle
What common symptom may indicate a retropharyngeal abscess infection?
Dysphagia
Which Streptococcus genera are commonly associated with non-Group A streptococcal pharyngitis?
Group C Streptococcus
What is a characteristic symptom of diphtheria affecting the pharynx?
Muffled speech
What clinical feature may differentiate retropharyngeal abscess from parapharyngeal abscess?
Cervical lymphadenopathy
What is a common suppurative complication associated with recurrent tonsillitis?
Retropharyngeal abscess
Which condition is characterized by white cottage cheese-like plaques on the pharyngeal mucosa?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Which type of bacterial infection is most commonly associated with chronic tonsillitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What type of abscess is more likely to involve the parapharyngeal space?
Which condition is often a result of an overgrowth of Candida albicans in the oropharynx?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Which bacterial infection is less likely to cause acute tonsillitis?
Bacteroides species
Test your knowledge on occupational rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis, including causes, symptoms, and management strategies such as environmental control and protective measures.
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