Allergy ENT BMS
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Questions and Answers

What is the underlying pathophysiology thought to be responsible for Sydenham chorea?

  • Accumulation of pus in the cerebrospinal fluid
  • Cross-reactivity of antineuronal antibodies with areas in the basal ganglia (correct)
  • Direct infection of the basal ganglia by Streptococcus bacteria
  • Degeneration of the cerebellum due to bacterial toxins

Which type of Streptococcus is commonly associated with Acute Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis?

  • Non-hemolytic Streptococcus
  • Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus Group B (GBS)
  • Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus
  • Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus Group A (GABHS) (correct)

Which of the following is a common symptom of peritonsillar abscess?

  • Excessive salivation
  • Clear nasal discharge
  • Muffled voice (correct)
  • Increased appetite

What type of muscles are typically inflamed in peritonsillar abscess leading to trismus?

<p>Pterygoid muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical space do peritonsillar abscesses typically occur?

<p>Potential space between the tonsillar capsule and pharyngeal muscle bed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial genus was increased in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?

<p>Clostridiales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum showed significant differences between patients with AR and healthy controls?

<p>Cyanobacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common physical signs observed in patients with Allergic Rhinitis?

<p>Anterior rhinoscopy swelling and dark circles under the eyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial genera were associated with nasal symptoms in AR patients?

<p>Butyrococcus and Eisenbergiella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Allergic Rhinitis according to the text?

<p>'Allergic shiners' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which examination method is considered valuable for evaluating eustachian tube dysfunction?

<p>Pneumatic otoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical and functional changes with age can lead to the formation of polyps?

<p>Decreased ciliary beat frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key clinical feature of nasal polyposis mentioned in the text?

<p>Decreased sense of smell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure can reveal polyps and other benign tumors in the nasal cavity?

<p>Anterior rhinoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does impaired mucociliary clearance contribute to nasal polyp formation?

<p>It can result in thickening of the basement membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epithelial basement membrane permeability distortion in nasal polyp development?

<p>It contributes to increased cell and tissue size due to chronic inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are minor deviations of the nasal septum typically regarded?

<p>As normal developmental variations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between exposure to wood particles and chronic cigarette smoke with regard to ciliary movements in the nose?

<p>It has been associated with reduced ciliary movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of nonallergic rhinitis is most commonly observed clinically?

<p>Vasomotor Rhinitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dysregulation may be associated with the cause of vasomotor rhinitis?

<p>Nervous system dysregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly responsible for mucus secretion and rhinorrhea?

<p>Acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the management of vascular tone in nasal mucosa vessels and secretion modulation initiated?

<p>By modulating sympathetic neurotransmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the submucosal nasal glands in nonallergic rhinitis vasomotor rhinitis due to an imbalance among mediators?

<p>They produce more mucus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature helps differentiate acute exacerbation of airway obstruction from supraglottitis?

<p>High fever and toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is endoscopy necessary to confirm the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

<p>To identify diffusely ulcerated tracheal mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature may partially obstruct the tracheal lumen in acute exacerbation of airway obstruction?

<p>Copious purulent secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction, what is one reason plain-film x-rays may be insufficient for diagnosis?

<p>Difficulty visualizing narrowing of the tracheal lumen on x-rays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the clinical features of allergic rhinitis from acute exacerbation of airway obstruction as described in the text?

<p>Presence of copious purulent secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the clinical features of acute exacerbation of airway obstruction differ from those of a common cold?

<p>Presence of high fever and toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying pathophysiology thought to exist in Sydenham chorea?

<p>Antineuronal antibodies cross-react with areas in the basal ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic symptom of peritonsillar abscesses?

<p>Muffled voice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial genus is NOT commonly associated with peritonsillar abscesses?

<p>Pseudomonas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely consequence of inflammation of the pterygoid muscles in peritonsillar abscesses?

<p>Trismus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical space is commonly affected by retropharyngeal abscesses?

<p>Parapharyngeal space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential space where parapharyngeal space abscesses can develop?

<p>Between the superior constrictor muscle and the deep cervical fascia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is typically inflamed in parapharyngeal abscesses, leading to trismus?

<p>Pterygoid muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom may indicate a retropharyngeal abscess infection?

<p>Dysphagia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Streptococcus genera are commonly associated with non-Group A streptococcal pharyngitis?

<p>Group C Streptococcus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of diphtheria affecting the pharynx?

<p>Muffled speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical feature may differentiate retropharyngeal abscess from parapharyngeal abscess?

<p>Cervical lymphadenopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common suppurative complication associated with recurrent tonsillitis?

<p>Retropharyngeal abscess (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by white cottage cheese-like plaques on the pharyngeal mucosa?

<p>Pharyngeal diphtheria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial infection is most commonly associated with chronic tonsillitis?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of abscess is more likely to involve the parapharyngeal space?

Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often a result of an overgrowth of Candida albicans in the oropharynx?

<p>Pharyngeal diphtheria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is less likely to cause acute tonsillitis?

<p>Bacteroides species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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