30 Questions
Which type of radiation is used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of disease?
Gamma rays
What property of certain elements and individual nuclides causes them to spontaneously emit radiation energy?
Radioactive decay
In which form does radioactive material emit radiation energy?
Alpha particles
What is the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease called?
Nuclear medicine
Which type of radiation is NOT used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of disease?
Infrared radiation
What kind of radiation is naturally emitted by certain elements and individual nuclides?
Gamma rays
What type of radiation is commonly used in medical imaging procedures for hospitalized individuals?
X-rays
What should be clearly stated on the radioactive material labels?
CAUTION: RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
What is recommended when collecting radioactive waste?
Keeping a tag on the waste container at all times
What should medical personnel wear when approaching a patient experiencing radiation bio-effects?
Gown, masks, gloves
What is the recommended procedure for a person experiencing radiation bio-effects?
Removing patient's clothes and showering
What is the recommended treatment for internal contamination?
Dilution and blocking absorption
What is a dirty bomb?
A radioactive dispersal device mixed with conventional explosive
What is the recommended solution for contamination from a dirty bomb?
Decontamination and measuring radioactivity using Geiger Muller (GM) detector
What should be done with radioactive waste?
Collect in proper containers and keep closed and secured
What is the medical treatment for symptoms in case of internal contamination?
- dilution and blocking absorption
What is the occupational radiation dose limit for adults per year, averaged over 5 consecutive years?
20 mSv
What is the equivalent dose unit that makes different sources of radiation equivalent for comparison purposes?
Sievert (Sv)
What do dosimeters measure in relation to radiation exposure?
Occupational dose equivalent
Which material is recommended for shielding against X-rays and gamma rays?
Lead
What principle advises minimizing time spent near radiation sources and pre-planning procedures?
ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
What were the Radium girls awarded lawsuits for in the late 1920s?
Occupational exposure to radiation
What is the absorbed dose unit that measures the amount of energy absorbed by the body from radiation?
Gray (Gy)
What type of radiation has a high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and low penetrating ability?
Alpha particles
Which radioactive nuclides have characteristic energy and decay patterns?
All radioactive nuclides
Which type of radiation requires extensive shielding and poses a serious external radiation hazard?
Gamma rays
Which isotopes are used in radiation therapy for treating prostate and thyroid cancer?
Iodine-131 and iodine-123
Which isotopes are examples of short-lived radioisotopes used as radioactive tracers in medical imaging?
Technetium-99m and iodine-123
What medical practice deals with alpha, beta, and gamma particles for medical purposes?
Nuclear medicine
What is emitted in Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a result of positron-electron annihilation?
+511 keV photons
Study Notes
- Radioactive material is unstable and emits energy in the form of particles or gamma-rays to return to a more stable state
- Each radioactive nuclide has a unique characteristic energy and decay pattern, such as alpha decay, beta decay, spontaneous fission, etc.
- Radioactivity units measure the amount of radioactive material or the rate of radiation emission
- Alpha particles have a high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and low penetrating ability, can be shielded by paper or a layer of skin, and pose a primary hazard from internal exposure
- Beta particles have a low LET and can only penetrate low-density materials, can be shielded with Plexiglas, and pose an external radiation hazard
- X and gamma rays have a low LET and high penetrating ability, require extensive shielding, and pose a serious external radiation hazard
- Nuclear medicine deals with alpha, beta, and gamma particles for medical purposes; alpha particles have two neutrons and two protons, a charge of +2, and transfer energy in very short distances
- Radioisotopes are used in medical imaging, radiation therapy, and positron emission tomography (PET)
- Iodine-125 and iodine-131 are examples of therapeutic isotopes used in radiation therapy for treating prostate and thyroid cancer, respectively
- Technetium-99m and iodine-123 are examples of short-lived radioisotopes used as radioactive tracers in medical imaging
- Positron emission tomography (PET) uses the annihilation radiation that is initiated by the spontaneous decay of an unstable isotope nucleus
- Positivron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 511 keV photons, which are detected in PET imaging
- Radium girls were exposed to radium in the early 20th century, leading to serious health consequences, despite assurances that it was safe.
Test your knowledge about occupational radiation exposure, including historical cases, regulations, and dose limits for workers. Learn about the impact of radiation on workers' health and safety.
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