Occupational Health and Ergonomics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most significant factor contributing to the issue described?

  • Insufficient funding (correct)
  • Inadequate training of personnel
  • Lack of public awareness
  • Technological factors
  • Which approach is least likely to yield positive results according to the content?

  • Providing more resources for education
  • Disregarding expert recommendations (correct)
  • Increasing community engagement
  • Implementing more stringent regulations
  • What underlying assumption is often made about the effectiveness of current strategies?

  • They have been proven over time
  • They are universally applicable (correct)
  • They align with community values
  • They require fewer resources
  • Which of the following statements is most reflective of the potential solutions proposed?

    <p>Collaborative approaches benefit outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception is commonly held regarding the timing of interventions?

    <p>Immediate action is always best</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Domain VI: Occupational Health and Ergonomics

    • Occupational Health Engineering applies engineering techniques to eliminate or control environmental factors that can harm health.

    • The Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) divides the exam into 6 major areas.

      • Process Design Parameters (design of industrial processes, material/equipment selection, and other considerations for eliminating harmful exposures)
      • Industrial Ventilation (design and use of ventilation)
      • Noise Control Methods (design of equipment, enclosures, acoustical materials)
      • Radiation Protection Design Parameters (design of facilities and equipment to control ionizing and non-ionizing radiation)
      • Personal Protective Clothing (analysis and selection of PPE programs)
      • Chemical Hazard Protection (evaluation of chemicals and design of equipment, facilities, and processes to control hazards and exposures)
    • Calculation of Ventilation Air Flow Rate

      • Q = (403) x (S.G.) x (10^6) x P x K / (M.W.) x (L)
        • Q = required air flow in ft³/hr
        • S.G. = specific gravity of solvent
        • P = number of pints evaporated per hour
        • K = factor of safety
        • M.W. = molecular weight of solvent
        • L = maximum concentration allowed (e.g., LFL or TLV in ppm)
    • Relationships among Rate of Generation, Ventilation, Concentration, and Volume

      • Ln (C₁/C₂) = G / (Qt - V)
      • Ln [(t₂-t₁)] = G / Qt
      • C = [1-e^(Qt/V)]
    • Relationship between Total Pressure, Static Pressure, and Velocity pressure in Duct Flow of Fluids

      • TP = SP + VP
      • V = 4,005(VP)¹⁄²
        • V = velocity in feet per minute
        • VP = velocity pressure in inches of water
    • Relationship between Volumetric Flow Rate, Velocity, and Area.

      • Q = VA
        • Q = volumetric flow rate
        • V = velocity
        • A = area of flow
    • Industrial Noise Control

      • Sound is a wave phenomenon caused by pressure variations in the atmosphere.
      • Amplitude: maximum value of a sinusoidal wave
      • Frequency: rate at which complete cycles occur (measured in Hertz)
      • Types of Noise Exposure:
        • Continuous: approximately constant level and spectrum
        • Intermittent: given broadband sound pressure level that occurs several times during a workday.
        • Impact: abrupt burst of sound
    • Wavelength: distance required to complete one wave cycle (V = fλ) where V = speed, f = frequency, λ = wavelength

    • Sound Intensity: rate of transmitted energy per unit time through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation

    • Sound Pressure: instantaneous values of pressures are squared, the mean of the squares is obtained, and the square root of the mean is called the root mean square (RMS) of the sound pressure

    • Period: amount of time required for a complete wave cycle (T = 1/f) where T is period, and f is frequency

    • Decibels (dB), a unit for expressing sound pressure level relative to a reference.

      • SPL (in dB) = 20 log [(rms sound pressure measured) / (reference pressure) ]
    • Relationships Among Rate of Generation, Ventilation, Concentration & Volume

      • Ln(C1/C2) = G/(Qt-V)
        • Ln[(t2-t1)] = G/Qt
        • C = 1-e^(Qt/V)
    • Chemical Hazard Protection and Toxicology

      • Toxic materials: have adverse effects on normal physiological function
      • Routes of entry: ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption, eye absorption, or injection
      • Dosage: amount of chemical administered per unit of body weight
      • Dose threshold: minimum dosage that produces a measurable adverse effect
      • Lethal Dose (LD): dosage that produces death in a certain percentage of selected laboratory animals
      • Lethal Concentration (LC): dosage that produces death in a certain percentage of selected laboratory animals via inhalation
    • Corrosives: produce irreversible alteration of living tissue

    • Asphyxiants: prevent oxygen from reaching tissues, divided into simple (dilute oxygen) and chemical (interfere with oxygen absorption)

    • Target organ chemicals: damage specific organs regardless of the route of entry

    • Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering

      • Ergonomics: the study of the compatibility between task requirements and human capabilities to increase work efficiency and safety
      • Application areas include visual display terminals, office ergonomics, workplace design, manual material handling, job and environmental stress, and work methods
      • Principles include positioning controls close to associated displays, grouping controls and displays by function, and use of similar groupings throughout a facility.
    • NIOSH Revised Lifting Equation

      • RWL equation: RWL = LC×HM×VM×DM×AM×FM×CM
        • LC = load constant (23 kg or 51 lbs)
        • HM = horizontal multiplier (function of H)
        • VM = vertical multiplier (in both metric and U.S. customary units based on vertical location (V)
        • DM = distance multiplier (in both metric and U.S. customary units based on distance between the vertical locations (in))
        • AM = asymmetry multiplier (based upon the asymmetry angle(A))
        • FM = frequency multiplier (table based on repetitions per minute and hours worked)
        • CM = coupling multiplier (table-based on the relative positions of the body to objects and tools)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the principles of Occupational Health Engineering as it applies to controlling environmental hazards. This quiz covers key areas such as process design, industrial ventilation, noise control, and personal protective equipment selection.

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