Occupational Health and Ergonomics Q&A

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Questions and Answers

What is the concentration of solvent vapor in a room after two hours, given a ventilation rate of 1,500 3/min under STP conditions?

  • 0.5ppm
  • 0.06ppm
  • 600ppm (correct)
  • 300ppm

When designing a local exhaust system, which of the following is crucial?

  • Local exhaust systems provide sufficient dilution ventilation
  • The system must fail if any fugitive emissions occur
  • Design to remove all emitted contaminants (correct)
  • The exhaust air volume flow rate must be proportional to the contaminant generation rate

What is the noise dose for a worker exposed to a 95dBA source for 5 hours?

  • 93%
  • 125% (correct)
  • 165%
  • 315%

In a machine shop, how is the total noise dose calculated based on different noise levels and exposure times?

<p>219% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cochlea is primarily associated with which part of the ear?

<p>Inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)?

<p>High frequency noise is more damaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the radioisotopes of a given material capable of radioactive decay?

<p>Same atomic number but different atomic mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the half-life of Radon 222 is 3.8 days, how many days would it take to reduce one gram to 1/16 of a gram?

<p>15.2 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a distance of 6 feet, what level of radiation would be expected if 0.06 rem is measured at 2 feet from the source?

<p>6.66x10^-3 rem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational disease is most commonly associated with skin exposure?

<p>Dermatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily caused by repeated movements of body parts?

<p>Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pocket dosimeter primarily measure in a workplace?

<p>Employee exposure to radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the Li Index when lifting a weight of 22lbs with an NIOSH recommended Weight Limit of 16lbs.

<p>1.375 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of dilution ventilation?

<p>For managing low levels of air contaminants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario of increased room air velocity, what happens to heat transfer rates?

<p>Increases heat transfer rates by convection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a container with nitrogen has a CO2 release of 18.9 cubic feet, what is the volume fraction of CO2?

<p>0.0047 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational disease is primarily linked to long-term chemical exposure?

<p>Asbestosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When diluting air contaminants, what type of contaminants is this method effective for?

<p>Non-flammable and low toxicity contaminants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome indicate?

<p>A result of repetitive wrist motions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dermatitis

The most common type of occupational disease, often caused by exposure to petroleum products, grease, and solvents.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)

Disorders that arise from repetitive movements, awkward postures, or excessive force on the body.

Li Index (LI)

A measure of the risk of lifting a weight based on the NIOSH recommended weight limit (RWL). An LI of 1 means the lift is within acceptable limits, while an LI greater than 1 indicates a higher risk.

Pocket Dosimeter

A device used to monitor and measure cumulative radiation exposure for individuals working with radioactive materials.

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Sound Level Meter

A device used to measure the strength and frequency of sound, particularly in occupational settings to assess noise exposure levels.

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Concentration

The concentration of a substance in a given space, expressed as a proportion of the total volume.

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Dilution Ventilation

The process of removing or reducing heat stress by increasing airflow around workers.

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General Ventilation

The process of removing or reducing hazardous contaminants in the air by using a system of fans, ducts, and filters.

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Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)

A type of ventilation that removes contaminants directly at the source where they are generated, preventing them from spreading into the general workplace.

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Evaporation Rate

A measure of the rate at which a substance evaporates or vaporizes into the air, typically expressed in grams per minute.

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Ventilation Rate

The rate at which air is exchanged in a room. It is typically measured in cubic feet per minute (cfm) or cubic meters per minute (m3/min).

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Exhaust Air Volume Flow Rate

The volume of air that is removed from a workspace by a local exhaust system. This should be proportional to the rate of contaminant generation to effectively remove pollutants.

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Noise Dose

The cumulative exposure to noise over a period of time. It is expressed as a percentage of the permissible exposure limit (PEL).

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Noise Level

A measure of the loudness of sound. It is measured in decibels (dB).

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Cochlea

The part of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti, which is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

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Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

Hearing loss that is caused by exposure to high levels of noise.

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Radioisotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference leads to different atomic masses and radioactive decay properties.

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Half-Life

The time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay. Each material has its own unique half-life.

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Inverse Square Law

The amount of radiation emitted by a source decreases as the distance from the source increases. The radiation intensity follows an inverse square law: doubling the distance reduces the radiation intensity to one-fourth.

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Study Notes

Occupational Health and Ergonomics Q&A

  • Question 1: The most common occupational disease is dermatitis.
  • Question 2: Exposure to petroleum products, grease, and solvents is the most probable cause of dermatitis.
  • Question 3: Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) are disorders caused by repeated movement of body parts, having a cumulative effect over a given time period.
  • Question 4: The Lift Index (LI) for lifting a 22lb weight with a recommended Weight Limit of 16lb is 1.375.
  • Question 5: A pocket dosimeter measures employee exposure to radiation.
  • Question 6: If 18.9 ft³ of carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into a 20 x 20 x 10 feet container filled with nitrogen, the concentration expressed in volume fraction is 0.006.
  • Question 7: Increasing air velocity increases heat transfer by convection when controlling heat stress.
  • Question 8: Dilution ventilation is best suited for situations where air contaminants are not highly flammable or toxic and are not produced at high rates.
  • Question 9: If a solvent evaporates at a rate of 0.9 ft³/min in a 20 x 15 x 10 ft room with a ventilation rate of 1,500 ft³/min, the concentration of solvent vapor after two hours is 0.06 ppm.
  • Question 10: When designing/operating a local exhaust system, the design should aim to remove all emitted contaminants and the exhaust airflow rate should be proportionate to contaminant generation.
  • Question 11: A worker exposed to 95dBA noise for 5 hours will have a noise dose of 125%.
  • Question 12: The noise dose expressed as a percentage of OSHA permissible exposure is not provided in the text. A table of dB levels and durations is given, however.
  • Question 13: The cochlea is a part of the inner ear.
  • Question 14: The question about noise-induced hearing loss is missing from the text.
  • Question 15: High frequency noise is more damaging than low frequency noise regarding NIHL (Noise-Induced Hearing Loss).
  • Question 16: Radioisotopes of a given material, capable of radioactive decay, have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
  • Question 17: It will take 19 days to reduce the weight of Radon 222 to 1/16th of a gram if its half-life is 3.8 days.
  • Question 18: At 6 feet away from the source, the expected radiation level would be 0.02 rem if the radiation emitted at 2 feet is 0.06 rem.
  • Question 19: Geiger-Mueller instruments are suitable for measuring all of the ionizing radiation types mentioned (gamma, alpha, and beta).
  • Question 20: Erythema is caused by overexposure to sunlight.
  • Question 21: Scotoma, loss of vision in a portion of the visual field, is most likely caused by exposure to infrared radiation.
  • Question 22: Simple asphyxiants interfere with normal hemoglobin function, depriving the body of oxygen, or cause suffocation by reducing oxygen concentration. Inert gases can become reactive with blood.

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