Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a class in object-oriented programming?

  • To execute functions directly
  • To define a structure for objects (correct)
  • To create a graphical user interface
  • To manage memory usage

    • Every object in Python can be assigned to a variable.

    True

    Match the following OOP terminology with their definitions:

    Object = An abstraction for data Method = A function associated with a class Instance = An object of a particular class Attribute = A variable or property of a class or instance

    What is encapsulation in OOP intended to achieve?

    <p>Preventing accidental data modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inheritance allows for circular references between classes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of polymorphism in OOP?

    <p>To define abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Python, the method to add elements to a list is called ______.

    <p>append</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Encapsulation = Information hiding to protect data Inheritance = Transfer of characteristics between classes Polymorphism = Ability to define abstract methods in subclasses Nested lists = Lists that contain other lists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a deep copy?

    <p>Creates a new object and recursively copies all objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a nested list, each element can only be accessed by its index.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a subclass?

    <p>A class that inherits attributes and methods from another class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you assign a mutable object like a list to another variable?

    <p>Both variables point to the same object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Python, the id() function returns the value of the object in memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created when you use slicing on a mutable list?

    <p>A shallow copy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When modifying a mutable object assigned to multiple variables, changes will affect all variables because they refer to the same ______.

    <p>object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Shallow Copy = A copy that shares references with original elements Mutable Object = An object whose state can be modified Immutable Object = An object that cannot be changed after creation Assignment = Creating a reference to an object in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of modifying one list in a reference assignment scenario?

    <p>Both lists reflect the changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A list created through slicing makes an entirely new copy of the list.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Python function can be used to check if two variables point to the same object?

    <p>is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using mutable default arguments in a function, what happens when the argument is mutated?

    <p>The default argument is mutated and retains changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positional arguments must always come after keyword arguments in a function call.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are *args and **kwargs used for in a function definition?

    <p>*args allows passing a variable number of positional arguments; **kwargs allows passing a variable number of keyword arguments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Python functions, you cannot have a default argument before an argument without a default value. This is considered ______.

    <p>Invalid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Mutable = An object that can be changed after creation Positional Argument = Argument assigned based on position/order Keyword Argument = Argument assigned by explicitly naming it Function = A block of reusable code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'w' mode indicate when opening a CSV file?

    <p>Write mode to edit the file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Default arguments in functions must always have a mutable value.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the csv.writer() function?

    <p>To create a writer object that converts user data into delimited strings on a given file-like object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function range(m, n, s) generates a sequence starting from m to n, incrementing by ______.

    <p>s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the CSV file operation with its respective function:

    <p>open() = Creates a file object csv.writer() = Returns a writer object writerow() = Writes a row to the file newline= = Controls line endings in a file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would you use to write a list as a row of comma-separated items in a CSV file?

    <p>csv.writerow()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function range(n) is equivalent to range(0, n).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if you do not provide a value for an optional argument in a function with default arguments?

    <p>The function uses the default value specified for that argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    • OOP programs are based on classes and objects that interact with each other.
    • Objects are Python's abstraction for data, everything in Python is an object.
    • A class defines the structure of an object.
    • A method is a function associated with a class.
    • Instance methods, class methods, and static methods are types of methods.
    • An instance is an object created from a class.
    • Attributes are variable properties of a class or an instance.
    • self refers to the instance calling the method.

    Key OOP Principles

    • Encapsulation: Restricting access to variables and methods to prevent accidental modification and control data flow. Achieved through public, private, protected variables and setter/getter methods.
    • Inheritance: Transferring characteristics of a class to derived classes (subclasses from superclasses). Subclass methods/attributes override superclass ones with the same name.
    • Polymorphism: Defining abstract methods that need to be implemented by subclasses.

    Nested Lists

    • Nested lists are lists within other lists, creating multi-dimensional structures.
    • Use nested loops to iterate through all items in a nested list.
    • append() adds an element to the end of a list.
    • extend() adds all elements of an iterable to the end of a list.

    Deep vs Shallow Copy

    • Normal assignment creates references to the same object for mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.
    • Changing a mutable object after assignment affects both references.
    • Slicing ([::]) creates a shallow copy of a list, copying references to the same objects.
    • Deep copy (using copy.deepcopy()) creates a completely independent copy of objects, including nested objects.

    File I/O

    • open(file_name, 'w', newline='') creates a file object in write mode.
    • csv.writer(file_object) returns a writer object for writing data in CSV format.
    • writerow(row) writes a list as a comma-separated row in CSV format.

    Variable Number of Arguments in Functions

    • Default Arguments: Allow optional arguments with default values. Values should be immutable (e.g. constants).
    • Positional Arguments: Assigned based on order in function call.
    • Keyword Arguments: Passed by name, allowing any order.
    • *args: Accepts a variable number of positional arguments.
    • **kwargs: Accepts a variable number of keyword arguments.
    • Both *args and **kwargs can be used together in a function.
    • Positional arguments should come before keyword arguments in function calls.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of how these concepts interact and their importance in Python. Ideal for students learning the foundations of OOP in Python.

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