Software Engineering Lecture 2: Object-Oriented Programming Concepts in Python

Which OOP concept involves creating objects from classes?

Instantiation (correct)
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Polymorphism

What does encapsulation describe in object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Encapsulation is the process of creating objects from classes.
Encapsulation means object instantiation and accessing instance attributes.
Encapsulation is the idea of wrapping data and the methods that work on data within one unit. (correct)
Encapsulation refers to the inheritance principle and how to inherit a class.

What does inheritance principle refer to in OOP?

It refers to the process of object instantiation.
It refers to the idea of wrapping data and methods within one unit.
It refers to the process of creating classes.
It refers to the ability of objects to have a mix of inherited and unique methods. (correct)

What is the purpose of class abstraction in OOP?

Class abstraction involves hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of the object. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does polymorphism allow objects to have in OOP?

A mix of some inherited methods and some unique to their own class. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In OOP, what describes the idea of wrapping data and methods within one unit?

Encapsulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

To prevent accidental modification of data by restricting access to variables and methods (A) Signup and view all the answers

In C#, which access specifier allows class members to be accessed from anywhere in the code?

Public (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the underscore symbol in Python with regards to access control?

Indicates a private data member or member function of a class (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable in Python is easily accessible from any part of the program?

Public variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'protected' access specifier in C# allow?

Access only within the class or in child/derived classes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which programming languages use access specifiers to define the scope and visibility of a class and its members?

Both C# and Python (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of access specifiers in programming languages?

To restrict access to class members and control visibility (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable can only be accessed within the class in C#?

Private variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental building block for constructing software in functional programming?

Functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

In functional programming, what are functions treated as?

First-class objects (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of functions does functional programming emphasize?

Pure functions without side effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What concept in functional programming involves functions that operate on other functions?

Higher order functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is an important idea in functional programming related to the treatment of functions?

First-class treatment of functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of functional programming in relation to the use of functions?

Functions are only used for calculations (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional programming?

Modifying the state of the system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure function in functional programming?

A function that calculates a result without any side effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a pure function in functional programming depend on?

Input parameters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of first-class functions in functional programming?

They can be stored in a variable, and passed as an argument to a function, or returned as the result of a function. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does immutability refer to in functional programming?

Objects that cannot be modified after they have been created (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pure function?

Finding the length of a string (A) Signup and view all the answers

In functional programming, what does lazy evaluation emphasize?

<code>Evaluation</code> only when the result is required (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT allowed in pure functions in functional programming?

<code>Writing to a file or database</code> (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does recursion over loops emphasize in functional programming?

<code>Recursion</code> as an alternative to traditional looping (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of higher-order functions in functional programming?

To pass functions as arguments or return them (D) Signup and view all the answers