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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the 'self' parameter in a class?
What is the purpose of the 'self' parameter in a class?
What is the result of using private variables in a class?
What is the result of using private variables in a class?
What is the purpose of method overriding in object-oriented programming?
What is the purpose of method overriding in object-oriented programming?
How do you iterate over the keys of a dictionary?
How do you iterate over the keys of a dictionary?
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What is the purpose of the 'break' statement in a loop?
What is the purpose of the 'break' statement in a loop?
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What is the purpose of the 'continue' statement in a loop?
What is the purpose of the 'continue' statement in a loop?
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What is the purpose of the 'pass' statement in a loop?
What is the purpose of the 'pass' statement in a loop?
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How do you define a child class that inherits from a parent class?
How do you define a child class that inherits from a parent class?
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What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?
What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?
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What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
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Study Notes
Object Oriented Programming
Classes and Objects
- A class is a blueprint for creating objects
- An object is an instance of a class
- Classes define properties (data) and methods (functions)
Class Syntax
-
class ClassName:defines a class -
selfparameter is a reference to the current instance of the class
Inheritance
- A child class can inherit properties and methods from a parent class
-
class ChildClass(ParentClass):defines a child class that inherits from a parent class
Encapsulation
- Hiding internal implementation details from the outside world
- Using private variables (e.g.
__private_variable) to restrict access
Polymorphism
- Ability of an object to take on multiple forms
- Method overriding: child class provides a different implementation of a method
- Method overloading: multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
Loops
For Loop
-
for variable in iterable:iterates over an iterable (e.g. list, tuple, string) -
breakstatement exits the loop -
continuestatement skips to the next iteration
While Loop
-
while condition:loops while the condition is true -
breakstatement exits the loop -
continuestatement skips to the next iteration
Loop Control Statements
-
passstatement does nothing, used as a placeholder -
elseclause executes when the loop finishes normally (not due to abreakstatement)
Iterating Over Dictionaries
-
for key in dictionary:iterates over the keys -
for value in dictionary.values():iterates over the values -
for key, value in dictionary.items():iterates over the key-value pairs
Object Oriented Programming
Classes and Objects
- A blueprint for creating objects is defined by a class, which is a template
- An instance of a class is called an object, which has its own set of attributes and methods
- A class defines properties (data) and methods (functions) that can be used by objects
Class Syntax
- A class is defined using the
classkeyword followed by the class name and a colon - The
selfparameter is a reference to the current instance of the class and is used to access class variables
Inheritance
- A child class can inherit properties and methods from a parent class using inheritance
- The parent class is specified in the child class definition using the syntax
class ChildClass(ParentClass): - Inheritance allows for code reuse and facilitates the creation of a hierarchy of classes
Encapsulation
- Encapsulation is the concept of hiding internal implementation details from the outside world
- Private variables can be used to restrict access to certain attributes or methods
- Private variables are denoted using a double underscore prefix (e.g.
__private_variable)
Polymorphism
- Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms
- Method overriding is a type of polymorphism where a child class provides a different implementation of a method
- Method overloading is a type of polymorphism where multiple methods with the same name but different parameters can be defined
Loops
For Loop
- A for loop is used to iterate over an iterable (e.g. list, tuple, string)
- The syntax for a for loop is
for variable in iterable: - The loop will iterate over each item in the iterable and execute the code block
- The
breakstatement can be used to exit the loop prematurely - The
continuestatement can be used to skip to the next iteration
While Loop
- A while loop is used to execute a code block as long as a certain condition is true
- The syntax for a while loop is
while condition: - The loop will continue to execute as long as the condition is true
- The
breakstatement can be used to exit the loop prematurely - The
continuestatement can be used to skip to the next iteration
Loop Control Statements
- The
passstatement is a placeholder that does nothing and can be used to avoid a syntax error - The
elseclause is used to execute a code block when the loop finishes normally (not due to abreakstatement)
Iterating Over Dictionaries
- A for loop can be used to iterate over the keys of a dictionary using
for key in dictionary: - A for loop can be used to iterate over the values of a dictionary using
for value in dictionary.values(): - A for loop can be used to iterate over the key-value pairs of a dictionary using
for key, value in dictionary.items():
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Description
Learn about the fundamentals of object-oriented programming, including classes, objects, and inheritance. Understand how to define classes and use them to create objects, as well as how inheritance works between parent and child classes.
