Object-oriented Programming and Java Libraries

Study Notes

Concurrency in Java

Runnable Interface serves as a functional interface defining a thread's task through the run() method.
Thread Class can be extended to create new threads, enabling concurrent execution.
Synchronization techniques prevent data inconsistency by controlling access to shared resources.
Synchronized Methods/Blocks ensure exclusive access to a resource, locking it for a single thread at a time.
Concurrency Utilities, found in java.util.concurrent, provide advanced tools such as Executor frameworks, CountDownLatch, and Semaphore for efficient thread management.

Java Frameworks

Spring Framework utilizes Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection (DI) to develop enterprise applications with various supporting modules.
Hibernate, an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework, simplifies database interactions and manages data persistence effectively.
JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework for constructing component-based user interfaces in web applications.
Apache Struts is designed for building enterprise-ready Java web applications using the MVC architectural pattern.

Object-oriented Programming

Classes are blueprints for creating objects, encompassing attributes and methods.
Objects are instances of classes containing specific data and behavior.
Inheritance allows new classes to be derived from existing ones, fostering code reuse.
Polymorphism enables objects to be processed differently based on their data type or class.
Encapsulation involves grouping data and methods in a single unit (class) to control access and increase security.
Access Modifiers include public (accessible from any class), private (restricted to the defined class), and protected (accessible within the same package and subclasses).

Java Libraries

Core Libraries encompass the Java Standard Library (Java SE), which includes fundamental classes like java.lang, java.util, and java.io.
The Java Collections Framework offers an organized set of classes and interfaces for managing collections such as List, Set, and Map.
Popular Libraries include Apache Commons, providing reusable Java components, Google Guava, offering collections and caching utilities, and JUnit, a framework designed for creating and executing tests.

Exception Handling

Exceptions represent events that disrupt program flow, needing structured handling.
Try-Catch Blocks encapsulate potentially exception-throwing code in a try block, followed by catch blocks for specific exception handling.
The Finally Block executes after the try/catch structure, used primarily for resource cleanup, regardless of exception occurrence.
Types of Exceptions distinguish between Checked Exceptions (necessitating declaration in method's throws clause, e.g., IOException) and Unchecked Exceptions (not requiring declaration, e.g., NullPointerException).

Multithreading

A Thread is defined as a lightweight process enabling concurrent execution, enhancing application responsiveness and resource efficiency.

Description

This quiz covers core concepts of object-oriented programming, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Additionally, it explores essential Java libraries such as the Java Standard Library and the Java Collections Framework. Test your understanding of these fundamental programming principles!