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Which treatment is recommended for uterine atony?
Which treatment is recommended for uterine atony?
What condition is characterized by a triad of fever, tender uterus, and foul-smelling lochia?
What condition is characterized by a triad of fever, tender uterus, and foul-smelling lochia?
What is the first-line treatment for urinary tract infections in pregnant women?
What is the first-line treatment for urinary tract infections in pregnant women?
What is the primary sign of magnesium toxicity?
What is the primary sign of magnesium toxicity?
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What is indicated by a sinusoidal heart rate pattern in a fetus?
What is indicated by a sinusoidal heart rate pattern in a fetus?
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At what age should women begin breast cancer screening?
At what age should women begin breast cancer screening?
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What is the treatment for chorioamnionitis?
What is the treatment for chorioamnionitis?
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Which vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 60 and older?
Which vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 60 and older?
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What characterizes a complete mole in terms of fertilization?
What characterizes a complete mole in terms of fertilization?
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What is often the first assessment in pregnancy-related acute fatty liver?
What is often the first assessment in pregnancy-related acute fatty liver?
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Study Notes
OB/GYN
- Uterine atony: treated with uterine massage or oxytocin. Retained placenta treated with dilation and curettage.
- Tachysystole: >5 contractions every 10 minutes, potentially causing fetal bradycardia. Treatment: Tocolytics (e.g., terbutaline).
- Beta-thalassemia: Increased HbA2.
- Good accelerations: Increase in fetal heart rate (FHR) by 15 bpm for 15 seconds.
- Endometritis: Symptoms include fever, tender uterus, foul-smelling lochia. Treatment: Ampicillin and gentamicin.
- Chorioamnionitis: Treated with ampicillin and gentamicin.
- Chancroid: Treated with ceftriaxone or azithromycin.
- Chancre: Painless, associated with syphilis
- Placenta issues: Types include accreta (attaches), increta (infiltrates), and percreta (penetrates).
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Treated with ursodiol.
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: Associated with hypoglycemia.
- Pre-eclampsia (PE): Diagnosed using a V/Q scan. Treated with heparin or rivaroxaban.
- Amniotic fluid embolism: Treatment is supportive. May exhibit confusion, chest rash, or petechiae.
- Magnesium toxicity: First sign is hyporeflexia.
Infectious Causes in Infants <3 Months
- Infectious causes: Group B strep, E. coli, Listeria.
- Tubovarian abscess: Treated with clindamycin and metronidazole.
- Recurrent variable decelerations: Treatment involves maternal repositioning or amnioinfusion.
- Sinusoidal heart rate pattern: Seen in fetal anemia.
- Normal amniotic fluid volume: 5-25ml.
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy: Treated with amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or nitrofurantoin.
Prenatal Care and Screening
- GBS prophylaxis: In some cases (prior GBS infection, GBS in urine, prolonged rupture of membranes >18 hours, preterm delivery), Group B streptococcus prophylaxis is appropriate. In all other cases, no prophylaxis is required.
- Vitamin D supplement: Recommended during pregnancy.
- Screenings: Complete Blood Count (CBC), RhoGAM, gestational diabetes testing at week 28.
- Breast cancer screening: Starting at age 40, screened annually.
- HPV vaccine: Recommended for ages 9-26.
- Herpes Zoster vaccine: Recommended at age 60.
- Pneumococcal vaccine: Recommended for patients 65+ years
- HIV-positive patients: Pap smear annually.
- Normal Population Screening: Pap smear at age 21 followed by every 3 years.
- Endometriosis: associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia.
Other Topics
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) vs Lymphogranuloma inguinale: LGV buboes are painful without ulceration; LGV inguinale buboes do ulcerate. Both treated with doxycycline and ceftriaxone.
- Complete vs Partial Mole: Complete mole: (2 sperm + empty egg) = 46 XX or 46 XY. Partial mole (2 sperms + 1 egg) = 69 XXY
- Septic abortion: Treated with gentamicin and clindamycin.
- Chorioamnionitis: Antibiotics given during delivery.
- Breast nodules: Biopsy is recommended regardless of imaging findings
- Ectopic pregnancy: Management depends on patient stability. A serum B-hCG level and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) are used to diagnose.
- Precocious puberty (PCOS): 1st line tx is weight loss, followed by oral contraceptives (OCPs) .
- Sertoli-Leydig cell syndrome: Characterized by sudden onset of virilization.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Gradual virilization, hirsutism. 1st line treatment is weight loss, follow by OCPs
Additional Topics
- Kallmann Syndrome: Lack of GnRH neurons, leading to infertility. Treatment includes hormone therapy.
- Endometrial cancer: First-line treatment is hysterectomy. The uterus contains glandular tissue.
- Vaginal and cervical cells: Squamous cells.
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): Performed at weeks 10-12.
- Amniocentesis: Performed at week 15.
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Description
This quiz covers key medical conditions encountered in obstetrics and gynecology, including uterine atony, tachysystole, and pre-eclampsia. It also addresses their respective treatments and associated complications. Test your knowledge on these important topics in women’s health.
