OAT Chapter 1: Reading Volumes

Questions and Answers

What happens to the identity of an atom if it gains an additional proton?

It becomes a different element. (correct)

It becomes a cation.

It becomes an isotope of the same element.

It remains the same element.

What type of particle is produced when an atom gains an electron?

Cation

Neutral atom

Anion (correct)

Isotope

If a carbon atom has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, what is its mass number?

13 (correct)

Which statement correctly describes isotopes?

They are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What charge does an atom acquire if it loses an electron?

Positive Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a titrant in a titration process?

To determine the concentration of an unknown solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the meniscus of a liquid?

The curvature of the liquid surface Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if the number of neutrons in a carbon atom changes?

It will change to a different isotope of carbon. Signup and view all the answers

When reading a graduated cylinder, where should your eye level be?

At the same level as the meniscus Signup and view all the answers

How many protons does a nitrogen atom have?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pipette is NOT mentioned as being used for measuring the volume of a liquid?

Digital pipette Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons?

Electrons involved in chemical bonding. Signup and view all the answers

What feature of pipettes is highlighted for precision?

Graduation markings Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when measuring the volume in a graduated cylinder?

Read at the lowest point of the meniscus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of pipettes?

They are suitable for transferring specific volumes of liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a volumetric pipette?

Designed to deliver an exact volume Signup and view all the answers

What property changes during a physical reaction?

The phase of a substance Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of constant composition state?

Elements within a compound combine in a fixed proportion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes hydrogen peroxide?

It consists of a different proportion of hydrogen and oxygen than water. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a chemical reaction compared to a physical reaction?

New substances with distinct characteristics are formed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about compounds?

They are always formed in a fixed ratio of their constituent elements. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when two elements combine chemically?

New substances with distinct characteristics are created. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a physical reaction have on the density of a substance?

It can cause a substance to become more or less dense. Signup and view all the answers

How do the properties of water differ from those of its constituent elements?

Water has distinct properties compared to hydrogen and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Bunsen burner in the laboratory?

To create a flame for heating substances Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before using a pH meter?

Calibrate it for accurate measurements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the personal protective equipment for laboratory work?

Sunscreen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the safety shower in the lab?

To wash off toxic or corrosive chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to avoid wearing contact lenses in the lab?

They may trap harmful fumes under safety goggles Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is used to accurately measure the mass of a solid sample?

Digital balance Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with broken glass in the lab?

Dispose of it in a broken glass container Signup and view all the answers

What type of footwear should be worn in the laboratory?

Closed-toed shoes Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary belief about electrons in Bohr's model of the atom?

Electrons follow fixed circular paths around the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes does NOT involve the formation of new chemical bonds?

Melting ice Signup and view all the answers

What concept did the modern quantum theory replace in relation to atomic structure?

The concept of fixed electron orbits Signup and view all the answers

Which example represents a chemical change rather than a physical change?

Combining sodium with chloride to get table salt Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Bohr's model, what did the centripetal force refer to?

The attraction between negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the properties of food coloring mixed with water is true?

The food coloring undergoes a physical change by diluting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of evaporating water?

A phase change that does not create new substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental limitation of Bohr's model?

It simplifies electrons’ positions to fixed orbits. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reading Volumes

A titrant is a solution with a known concentration used in titration to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
The meniscus is the curve in the surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder; read the volume at the lowest point of the meniscus.
Pipettes come in graduated, volumetric, or electronic forms for transferring specific liquid volumes, offering precision in measurements.
Bunsen burners produce flames connected to a gas source, with adjustable gas and air flow for controlled combustion.
A pH meter accurately measures a solution’s pH and requires calibration before each use.
Digital balances are employed to measure the mass of solid samples with high accuracy.

Safety Protocols

Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes lab coats, safety goggles, gloves, closed-toed shoes, and avoiding contact lenses for safety in the lab.
Safety showers provide water to individuals splashed with toxic or corrosive substances.
Broken glass containers are designated for the disposal of sharp materials, ensuring laboratory safety.

Atomic Structure

Carbon atoms consistently have 6 protons due to their atomic number; altering the number of protons changes the element.
Neutrons can be altered to create isotopes, retaining the same element identity but differing in neutron count.
Isotopes are identified by their mass number, e.g., carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, and carbon-13 has 7.
Changing the number of electrons forms ions — losing an electron results in cations (positively charged), while gaining an electron results in anions (negatively charged).

Chemical vs. Physical Changes

A physical change does not form new substances or change chemical bonds; e.g., melting ice or ripping paper.
Chemical reactions involve elemental combinations producing new substances with distinct characteristics; for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to create water.
The law of constant composition states that compounds contain elements in fixed proportions, with changes resulting in different compounds; e.g., H2O is water, while H2O2 is hydrogen peroxide.

Models of the Atom

Bohr's model posited electrons in fixed circular paths around the nucleus, driven by centripetal forces.
Modern quantum theory evolved from Bohr’s model, providing a more accurate description of atomic electronic structure, moving beyond the limitations of fixed paths.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 1 of the OAT Booster Prep, specifically addressing reading volumes and the concept of titrant solutions. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important chemistry principles. Suitable for students preparing for the OAT exam.