Nutritional Deficiencies in Gastrointestinal Patients
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) is most accurate?

  • TEE is the amount of dietary energy a patient requires (correct)
  • TEE is measured using indirect calorimetry
  • TEE accounts for ~75% of Resting energy expenditure (REE)
  • TEE is greater than Resting energy expenditure (REE)

    • What is the average daily minimum protein requirement of a healthy adult?

  • 0.80 g/kg
  • 0.65 g/kg (correct)
  • 1.5 g/kg
  • 2.0 g/kg

    • What is the most frequent current recommendation for protein intake in critically ill patients?

  • 2.0 g/kg
  • 0.80 g/kg
  • 1.5 g/kg (correct)
  • 0.65 g/kg

    • What is the loss of 15 g N (nitrogen)/d in the absence of dietary protein provision equivalent to in terms of protein loss?

    <p>470 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended energy provision for protein-sparing effect in systemic inflammation?

    <p>50-70% TEE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of starvation-related malnutrition (SRM) in hospitalized patients?

    <p>Involuntary food deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardinal anatomic diagnostic features of SRM?

    <p>Generalized muscle atrophy and subcutaneous adipose tissue depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe SRM complicated by chronic systemic inflammation?

    <p>Chronic disease–related malnutrition (CDM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of SRM worldwide?

    <p>Involuntary food deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reducing REE (resting energy expenditure) and net protein catabolism during starvation?

    <p>To allow prolonged survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is approximately synonymous with CDM (Cachexia Disease Mechanism)?

    <p>Cachexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of CDM in patients?

    <p>Anorexia-driven inadequate food consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for ADM (Acute Disease-Related Malnutrition)?

    <p>SRM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate rate of loss of body cell mass in ADM compared to simple starvation?

    <p>Three to five times greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardinal anatomic features of starvation disease (SRM or CDM)?

    <p>Generalized muscle atrophy and diminished body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these equations correctly calculates the body mass index (BMI)?

    <p>BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these statements is true about the effect of CDM on edema formation?

    <p>CDM increases edema formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these statements is true about the effect of SRM on ECF volume?

    <p>SRM increases ECF volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these statements is true about the effect of increased ECF volume on muscle atrophy in patients with SRM and CDM?

    <p>Increased ECF volume worsens muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these ranges is considered normal for the body mass index (BMI)?

    <p>20-25 kg/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the three kinds of specialized nutritional support (SNS) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Forced enteral nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is forced enteral nutrition (EN)?

    <p>Delivering a liquid nutrient formula through a tube placed in the stomach or small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is parenteral nutrition (PN)?

    <p>Infusing a nutritionally complete mixture directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three steps involved in the management of in-hospital nutritional disorders?

    <p>Selection of SNS, composition, and administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do physicians need to collaborate with clinical dietitians and specialized pharmacists in the management of in-hospital nutritional disorders?

    <p>To compensate for incomplete training in clinical nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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