Nutrition and Body Weight Quiz

Nutrition and Body Weight

• Daily energy expenditure (DEE) is the amount of energy an adult requires, with adult males needing 12000 kJ and adult females needing 9500 kJ.
• Components of DEE include basal metabolic rate (BMR), voluntary physical activities, and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).
• BMR is the energy required to maintain life while at rest, estimated at 7000 kJ/day for adult males and 5800 kJ/day for adult females.
• Factors affecting BMR include body weight, thyroid hormones, adipose tissue, body temperature, pregnancy, and lactation.
• Voluntary physical activity is the energy required by skeletal and cardiac muscle, estimated by adding a percentage of BMR based on the level of activity.
• DIT is the energy related to processing food and is estimated at 10% of the energy content of ingested food.
• Total daily energy expenditure is calculated by summing BMR, energy required for physical activity, and 10% of these values to reflect DIT.
• Nutrients are divided into macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).
• Recommended dietary allowance/amount (RDA) is the quantity of nutrients required for the general population in good health and varies with age, gender, pregnancy, and lactation.
• Fat intake should be limited to 30% of total energy intake, with carbohydrates and protein making up 55% and 15%, respectively.
• Protein requirement is based on daily nitrogen balance, with 35 g of protein required for zero nitrogen balance.
• Water, dietary fiber, and minerals and vitamins are also necessary for a healthy diet, with water comprising 50-60% of body weight in normal weight adults and dietary fiber aiding in normal bowel function.
• Ideal or desirable body weight is associated with the lowest mortality and is determined by body mass index (BMI), with underweight being <18.5, desirable weight being 18.5-24.9, overweight being 25-29.9, obese being 30-34.9, and severely obese being ≥35.

Nutrition and Body Weight

• Daily energy expenditure (DEE) is the amount of energy an adult requires, with adult males needing 12000 kJ and adult females needing 9500 kJ.
• Components of DEE include basal metabolic rate (BMR), voluntary physical activities, and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).
• BMR is the energy required to maintain life while at rest, estimated at 7000 kJ/day for adult males and 5800 kJ/day for adult females.
• Factors affecting BMR include body weight, thyroid hormones, adipose tissue, body temperature, pregnancy, and lactation.
• Voluntary physical activity is the energy required by skeletal and cardiac muscle, estimated by adding a percentage of BMR based on the level of activity.
• DIT is the energy related to processing food and is estimated at 10% of the energy content of ingested food.
• Total daily energy expenditure is calculated by summing BMR, energy required for physical activity, and 10% of these values to reflect DIT.
• Nutrients are divided into macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).
• Recommended dietary allowance/amount (RDA) is the quantity of nutrients required for the general population in good health and varies with age, gender, pregnancy, and lactation.
• Fat intake should be limited to 30% of total energy intake, with carbohydrates and protein making up 55% and 15%, respectively.
• Protein requirement is based on daily nitrogen balance, with 35 g of protein required for zero nitrogen balance.
• Water, dietary fiber, and minerals and vitamins are also necessary for a healthy diet, with water comprising 50-60% of body weight in normal weight adults and dietary fiber aiding in normal bowel function.
• Ideal or desirable body weight is associated with the lowest mortality and is determined by body mass index (BMI), with underweight being <18.5, desirable weight being 18.5-24.9, overweight being 25-29.9, obese being 30-34.9, and severely obese being ≥35.