Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is surgery?
What is surgery?
The anatomical alteration of an organ to arrest or alleviate a pathological process.
What dietary management is recommended preoperatively for underweight patients?
What dietary management is recommended preoperatively for underweight patients?
- High Kcal to build up reserves (correct)
- NPO until the nutritional status is stabilized
- Parenteral administration of whole blood
- Low Kcal to facilitate recovery
Which of the following is a metabolic change that can occur due to surgery?
Which of the following is a metabolic change that can occur due to surgery?
- Weight gain
- Calcium retention
- Increased peristalsis
- Increased glucose in the blood (correct)
Protein loss occurs due to rapid protein catabolism after surgery.
Protein loss occurs due to rapid protein catabolism after surgery.
What is the rationale for administering parenteral nutrition preoperatively?
What is the rationale for administering parenteral nutrition preoperatively?
Which nutrient is prioritized to spare protein intake post-operatively?
Which nutrient is prioritized to spare protein intake post-operatively?
What type of diet is typically recommended post-operatively once the patient's condition allows?
What type of diet is typically recommended post-operatively once the patient's condition allows?
Name one cause of dehydration after surgery.
Name one cause of dehydration after surgery.
Anorexia is not a common symptom following surgery.
Anorexia is not a common symptom following surgery.
Study Notes
Nutrition Therapy in Surgical Conditions and Trauma
- Surgery is the anatomical alteration of an organ to arrest or alleviate a pathological process.
- Metabolic Changes occur after surgery:
- Cessation of peristalsis
- Rapid protein catabolism leading to nitrogen loss and weight loss
- Increased glucose in the blood, referred to as "traumatic diabetes"
- Increased utilization of adipose tissues
- Sodium retention due to wasting
- Dehydration from blood loss, water loss, and potassium loss
- Calcium loss
- Increased vitamin C utilization as a response to stress
- Anorexia
- Anemia caused by iron and B12 deficiency
Pre-operative Dietary Management
- Emergency Operations
- NPO (Nothing by Mouth) for patients with good nutritional status to prevent vomiting
- Parenteral administration of whole blood or plasma for patients with poor nutritional status to prevent shock.
- Elective Operations
- High-calorie diet for underweight patients to build up reserves
- Low-calorie diet for obese patients to facilitate safe and faster recovery
- High protein diet to build and repair tissues
- High carbohydrate diet to spare protein
- Vitamin and mineral supplementation to replace losses, aid in wound healing and energy metabolism
Post-operative Dietary Management
- NPO may take a longer time for major surgeries to prevent aspiration
- Progressive diet: Gradual progression from clear liquids to a normal diet to adjust to the patient's ability to digest food.
- Tube feeding or TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) when necessary for patients unable to meet nutritional needs orally.
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Description
Explore the vital role of nutrition therapy in managing patients undergoing surgery and trauma. This quiz covers metabolic changes post-surgery, pre-operative dietary management, and approaches to prevent complications. Understand the importance of nutritional support for recovery and healing.
