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Questions and Answers
What is surgery?
The anatomical alteration of an organ to arrest or alleviate a pathological process.
What dietary management is recommended preoperatively for underweight patients?
Which of the following is a metabolic change that can occur due to surgery?
Protein loss occurs due to rapid protein catabolism after surgery.
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What is the rationale for administering parenteral nutrition preoperatively?
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Which nutrient is prioritized to spare protein intake post-operatively?
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What type of diet is typically recommended post-operatively once the patient's condition allows?
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Name one cause of dehydration after surgery.
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Anorexia is not a common symptom following surgery.
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Study Notes
Nutrition Therapy in Surgical Conditions and Trauma
- Surgery is the anatomical alteration of an organ to arrest or alleviate a pathological process.
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Metabolic Changes occur after surgery:
- Cessation of peristalsis
- Rapid protein catabolism leading to nitrogen loss and weight loss
- Increased glucose in the blood, referred to as "traumatic diabetes"
- Increased utilization of adipose tissues
- Sodium retention due to wasting
- Dehydration from blood loss, water loss, and potassium loss
- Calcium loss
- Increased vitamin C utilization as a response to stress
- Anorexia
- Anemia caused by iron and B12 deficiency
Pre-operative Dietary Management
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Emergency Operations
- NPO (Nothing by Mouth) for patients with good nutritional status to prevent vomiting
- Parenteral administration of whole blood or plasma for patients with poor nutritional status to prevent shock.
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Elective Operations
- High-calorie diet for underweight patients to build up reserves
- Low-calorie diet for obese patients to facilitate safe and faster recovery
- High protein diet to build and repair tissues
- High carbohydrate diet to spare protein
- Vitamin and mineral supplementation to replace losses, aid in wound healing and energy metabolism
Post-operative Dietary Management
- NPO may take a longer time for major surgeries to prevent aspiration
- Progressive diet: Gradual progression from clear liquids to a normal diet to adjust to the patient's ability to digest food.
- Tube feeding or TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) when necessary for patients unable to meet nutritional needs orally.
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Description
Explore the vital role of nutrition therapy in managing patients undergoing surgery and trauma. This quiz covers metabolic changes post-surgery, pre-operative dietary management, and approaches to prevent complications. Understand the importance of nutritional support for recovery and healing.
