Nutrition Test 1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What method is used by researchers to answer a nutrition question?

Scientific Method

Which of the following is an example of a valid source for nutrition research?

Magazines

Books

Peer-reviewed journals (correct)

Blogs

In an experimental study, the group that is the placebo or no treatment is called the...?

Control Group

The gold standard research design in experimental research is?

Double-blind placebo-controlled study Signup and view all the answers

What is epidemiological research?

Research that studies the variables that influence health in a population; often observational Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a nutrient?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of these nutrients is considered a micronutrient?

Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

_____ are the basic building blocks in proteins that function to synthesize, grow, and maintain tissues in the body.

Amino Acids Signup and view all the answers

The chemical structure of organic nutrients consists of?

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Trace minerals, or microminerals, are needed in the body in amounts less than... grams.

5 Signup and view all the answers

Research confirms that _____ is the most important consideration when it comes to making a food choice.

Taste/flavor Signup and view all the answers

Advertising especially works on _____ to influence their food choices.

young people Signup and view all the answers

Individual energy needs are dependent upon which factor(s)?

Age, Activity level, Gender Signup and view all the answers

The ABCDs of nutritional assessment are?

Anthropometrics, biochemical, clinical, and dietary intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate method to gather information on a specific food or category of food eaten?

Food frequency questionnaire Signup and view all the answers

The best way to meet nutrient needs is to _____ .

Eat a well-balanced diet Signup and view all the answers

The American diet is too high in _____.

Sodium, added sugar and saturated fat Signup and view all the answers

Individuals who are obese are NOT likely to have higher rates of _____.

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

The set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of the twentieth century are ______.

Healthy People 2020 Signup and view all the answers

Of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States, the four diseases that are related to nutrition include _____.

Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients does NOT provide energy to the body?

Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is most abundant in the body?

Water Signup and view all the answers

The difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that lipids are much more concentrated than carbohydrates and contain less _ and _.

Water; oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Katie is 27 years old and weighs 143 pounds. Calculate her weight in kilograms.

65 kg Signup and view all the answers

Before his track meet, Seth ate a chocolate chip granola bar containing 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of fat, and 5 grams of protein. How many kilocalories did Seth consume?

105 kcal Signup and view all the answers

A scientist conducted a vitamin D experiment, giving the experimental group a vitamin D supplement and control group a placebo. None of the subjects knew which pill they were taking and the scientist did not know which pill was given to each of the subjects. This experiment is an example of what kind of study?

Double-blind placebo-controlled study Signup and view all the answers

Healthy eating involves the key principles of ___, _, and ___.

Moderation, Balance, Variety Signup and view all the answers

Healthy eating includes choosing foods that are nutrient-dense. What is not an example of a nutrient-dense food?

Soda Signup and view all the answers

The measurement of nutrients in a food compared to the kilocalorie content is _____.

Nutrient Density Signup and view all the answers

The long-term outcome of consuming a diet that is either lacking in the essential nutrients or contains excess energy is known as ______.

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which option best illustrates balance and variety in a menu?

Citrus chicken, strawberry-spinach salad, grilled zucchini, and a whole-wheat roll Signup and view all the answers

A woman's palm is approximately how many ounces of cooked meat, poultry, or fish?

3 oz Signup and view all the answers

Most Americans tend to _____ portion sizes put on their plates.

Underestimate Signup and view all the answers

The standard amount of food provided for which nutrient composition is presented is called a _____.

Serving Size Signup and view all the answers

Controlling portion size is part of eating healthfully. The following are examples of portion control except _____.

Using a large plate Signup and view all the answers

Portion control is an important part of healthy eating. Which of the following suggests an excessive portion?

5 oz French fries Signup and view all the answers

_____ refers to the highest amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm if consumed daily.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the DRIs is projected to meet 50 percent of a healthy population's needs?

Estimated Average Requirement Signup and view all the answers

The DRIs were established by which agency?

Food and Nutrition Board Signup and view all the answers

The approximate daily amount of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the needs of similar individuals within a population group is ______.

Adequate Intake Signup and view all the answers

What references should be used to determine if an adolescent is meeting his daily calcium needs?

Recommended Dietary Allowance Signup and view all the answers

The Dietary Guidelines were established in 1990 to promote the health of Americans. The guidelines are to be updated every _____ years.

5 Signup and view all the answers

MyPlate recommends that _____ of the plate to be covered with fruits and vegetables.

1/2 Signup and view all the answers

MyPlate is based on three general recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Which foods should individuals reduce?

Foods high in sodium Signup and view all the answers

In the MyPlate fruit group, which food below is considered less nutrient-dense?

Fruit drinks Signup and view all the answers

In a 2,000-kcal diet, approximately how many kcals should come from discretionary foods?

260 Signup and view all the answers

Which group has regulated the food labeling laws since the 1930s?

FDA Signup and view all the answers

Since 1930, all of the following information is required to be present on nutrition labels except _____.

Contact information Signup and view all the answers

In 2012, the FDA proposed new changes to the Nutrition Facts Panel. Which of the following is new?

Including added sugars Signup and view all the answers

An example of a nutrient content claim is _____.

Low sodium Signup and view all the answers

Sarah is looking for a cereal that is high (or excellent) source of fiber. What % DV should she look for on the Nutrition Facts panel?

<blockquote> 20% </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

Which claims are examples of a structure/function claim?

"Calcium builds strong bones" Signup and view all the answers

The organ that transfers food from the mouth to the stomach is the _____.

Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

Digest Fat Signup and view all the answers

The part of the GI tract that mixes and churns food with digestive juices is the _____.

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

The accessory organ responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol is the _____.

Liver Signup and view all the answers

The gallbladder stores _, which is released into the _.

Bile; small intestine Signup and view all the answers

The organ of the GI tract that digests and absorbs the most nutrients is the _____.

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is remaining for absorption once chyme enters the large intestine?

Water Signup and view all the answers

The correct order in which food passes through the GI tract is _____ .

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus Signup and view all the answers

What type of absorption occurs when nutrients move from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient with the help of a carrier protein?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria in the colon produce some vitamins, including vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, and vitamin B12. What two vitamins can be absorbed?

Biotin and Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

Where does digestion begin?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

The type of digestion that involves segmentation and peristalsis is _____ digestion.

Mechanical Signup and view all the answers

Which organ secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would cause enzymes to become activated?

Presence of the appropriate nutrient Signup and view all the answers

Pepsinogen is the inactive protease secreted by the chief cells in the stomach; this enzyme is converted to the active form called ________ in the presence of HCl.

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves absorbed nutrients throughout the body through the cardiovascular and lymph systems?

Transport Signup and view all the answers

Once the nutrients have been absorbed through the small intestinal mucosa, they are carried off either through the or the .

Lymphatic system, cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

Fat-soluble vitamins are first carried throughout the body via the _____.

Lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

The hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the _ and _.

Heart, liver Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates and amino acids are carried through the body by the _____ system.

Cardiovascular Signup and view all the answers

The disorder that results in swallowing too much air from eating too fast or drinking carbonated beverages is _____.

Belching Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle habit is likely to cause heartburn?

Reclining after a large meal Signup and view all the answers

The helicobacter pylori bacterium is often involved. Burning pain is the most common symptom, along with vomiting, fatigue, bleeding, and general weakness. What is this digestive disorder?

Ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Sarah has complaints about constipation. What is the BEST approach Sarah should use to resolve the constipation?

Do both A and C Signup and view all the answers

An individual who has celiac disease can include which food listed below in his/her diet without a reaction?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

Jim woke up late and skipped breakfast to get to his 10 a.m. class. After his 1 p.m. class, he walks by a burger joint and feels sharp hunger pains. Which hormone is causing this sensation?

Ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Methods

Researchers utilize the Scientific Method to address nutrition-related questions.
Peer-reviewed journals are valid sources for nutrition research verification.
In experimental studies, the Control Group receives a placebo or no treatment.

Research Design

The Double-blind placebo-controlled study is the preferred experimental design for unbiased results.
Epidemiological research focuses on variables affecting health within populations, typically through observational methods.

Nutrients

Water is classified as an essential nutrient.
Micronutrients include Vitamins and are required in smaller amounts.
Amino Acids serve as the building blocks of proteins essential for tissue maintenance.

Nutrient Composition

Organic nutrients have a chemical structure composed of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen.
Trace minerals, needed in amounts less than 5 grams, play critical roles in health.

Dietary Choices

Taste/flavor is the primary factor influencing food choices.
Advertising primarily affects young people in their food decisions.
Individual energy requirements depend on Age, Activity Level, and Gender.

Nutritional Assessment

The ABCDs of nutritional assessment involve anthropometrics, biochemical measures, clinical evaluations, and dietary intake analysis.
A Food Frequency Questionnaire is most effective for specific dietary information collection.

Healthy Eating Principles

A well-balanced diet is crucial for meeting nutrient needs.
The typical American diet is excessively high in Sodium, Added Sugar, and Saturated Fat.
Moderation, Balance, and Variety are key principles for healthy eating.

Portion Control

Americans often underestimate portion sizes.
A standard serving size is crucial for understanding nutrient composition.
Excessive portion sizes can be exemplified by 5 oz of french fries.

Dietary Guidelines

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are revised every 5 years, promoting health improvements.
MyPlate suggests that half the plate should consist of fruits and vegetables while indicating that high sodium foods should be reduced.

Digestion Process

Digestion begins in the Mouth, with mechanical digestion occurring through segmentation and peristalsis in the stomach.
The Small Intestine is the primary organ for nutrient absorption.
The Liver metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol.

Nutrient Transportation

Absorbed nutrients circulate through the body via the Cardiovascular or Lymphatic systems.
Fat-soluble vitamins travel through the lymphatic system before entering circulation.
The Hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the Heart and Liver.

Digestive Disorders

Belching results from swallowing excess air or consuming carbonated beverages.
Ulcers often caused by Helicobacter pylori, result in symptoms like burning pain and fatigue.
Individuals with Celiac Disease can consume Rice without adverse reactions.

Hormonal Regulation

Ghrelin is the hormone responsible for hunger sensations, triggered by fasting or skipping meals.

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Prepare for your Nutrition Test 1 with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the scientific method, valid research sources, and experimental study designs. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for your exam!

Nutrition Test 1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What method is used by researchers to answer a nutrition question?

Which of the following is an example of a valid source for nutrition research?

In an experimental study, the group that is the placebo or no treatment is called the...?

The gold standard research design in experimental research is?

What is epidemiological research?

Which of the following is classified as a nutrient?

Which of these nutrients is considered a micronutrient?

_____ are the basic building blocks in proteins that function to synthesize, grow, and maintain tissues in the body.

The chemical structure of organic nutrients consists of?

Trace minerals, or microminerals, are needed in the body in amounts less than... grams.

Research confirms that _____ is the most important consideration when it comes to making a food choice.

Advertising especially works on _____ to influence their food choices.

Individual energy needs are dependent upon which factor(s)?

The ABCDs of nutritional assessment are?

What is the most appropriate method to gather information on a specific food or category of food eaten?

The best way to meet nutrient needs is to _____ .

The American diet is too high in _____.

Individuals who are obese are NOT likely to have higher rates of _____.

The set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of the twentieth century are ______.

Of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States, the four diseases that are related to nutrition include _____.

Which of the following nutrients does NOT provide energy to the body?

Which of the following nutrients is most abundant in the body?

The difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that lipids are much more concentrated than carbohydrates and contain less _____ and _____.

Katie is 27 years old and weighs 143 pounds. Calculate her weight in kilograms.

Before his track meet, Seth ate a chocolate chip granola bar containing 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of fat, and 5 grams of protein. How many kilocalories did Seth consume?

Healthy eating involves the key principles of _____, _____, and _____.

Healthy eating includes choosing foods that are nutrient-dense. What is not an example of a nutrient-dense food?

The measurement of nutrients in a food compared to the kilocalorie content is _____.

The long-term outcome of consuming a diet that is either lacking in the essential nutrients or contains excess energy is known as ______.

Which option best illustrates balance and variety in a menu?

A woman's palm is approximately how many ounces of cooked meat, poultry, or fish?

Most Americans tend to _____ portion sizes put on their plates.

The standard amount of food provided for which nutrient composition is presented is called a _____.

Controlling portion size is part of eating healthfully. The following are examples of portion control except _____.

Portion control is an important part of healthy eating. Which of the following suggests an excessive portion?

_____ refers to the highest amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm if consumed daily.

Which of the DRIs is projected to meet 50 percent of a healthy population's needs?

The DRIs were established by which agency?

The approximate daily amount of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the needs of similar individuals within a population group is ______.

What references should be used to determine if an adolescent is meeting his daily calcium needs?

The Dietary Guidelines were established in 1990 to promote the health of Americans. The guidelines are to be updated every _____ years.

MyPlate recommends that _____ of the plate to be covered with fruits and vegetables.

MyPlate is based on three general recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Which foods should individuals reduce?

In the MyPlate fruit group, which food below is considered less nutrient-dense?

In a 2,000-kcal diet, approximately how many kcals should come from discretionary foods?

Which group has regulated the food labeling laws since the 1930s?

Since 1930, all of the following information is required to be present on nutrition labels except _____.

In 2012, the FDA proposed new changes to the Nutrition Facts Panel. Which of the following is new?

An example of a nutrient content claim is _____.

Sarah is looking for a cereal that is high (or excellent) source of fiber. What % DV should she look for on the Nutrition Facts panel?

Which claims are examples of a structure/function claim?

The organ that transfers food from the mouth to the stomach is the _____.

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

The part of the GI tract that mixes and churns food with digestive juices is the _____.

The accessory organ responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol is the _____.

The gallbladder stores _____, which is released into the _____.

The organ of the GI tract that digests and absorbs the most nutrients is the _____.

Which nutrient is remaining for absorption once chyme enters the large intestine?

The correct order in which food passes through the GI tract is _____ .

What type of absorption occurs when nutrients move from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient with the help of a carrier protein?

Bacteria in the colon produce some vitamins, including vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, and vitamin B12. What two vitamins can be absorbed?

Where does digestion begin?

The type of digestion that involves segmentation and peristalsis is _____ digestion.

Which organ secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

Which of the following would cause enzymes to become activated?

Pepsinogen is the inactive protease secreted by the chief cells in the stomach; this enzyme is converted to the active form called ________ in the presence of HCl.

Which process moves absorbed nutrients throughout the body through the cardiovascular and lymph systems?

Once the nutrients have been absorbed through the small intestinal mucosa, they are carried off either through the ________ or the ________.

Fat-soluble vitamins are first carried throughout the body via the _____.

The hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the _____ and _____.

Carbohydrates and amino acids are carried through the body by the _____ system.

The disorder that results in swallowing too much air from eating too fast or drinking carbonated beverages is _____.

Which lifestyle habit is likely to cause heartburn?

The helicobacter pylori bacterium is often involved. Burning pain is the most common symptom, along with vomiting, fatigue, bleeding, and general weakness. What is this digestive disorder?

Sarah has complaints about constipation. What is the BEST approach Sarah should use to resolve the constipation?

An individual who has celiac disease can include which food listed below in his/her diet without a reaction?

Jim woke up late and skipped breakfast to get to his 10 a.m. class. After his 1 p.m. class, he walks by a burger joint and feels sharp hunger pains. Which hormone is causing this sensation?

Study Notes

The difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that lipids are much more concentrated than carbohydrates and contain less _ and _.

Healthy eating involves the key principles of ___, _, and ___.

The gallbladder stores _, which is released into the _.

Once the nutrients have been absorbed through the small intestinal mucosa, they are carried off either through the or the .

The hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the _ and _.