Nutrition Test 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What method is used by researchers to answer a nutrition question?

Scientific Method

Which of the following is an example of a valid source for nutrition research?

  • Magazines
  • Books
  • Peer-reviewed journals (correct)
  • Blogs

    • In an experimental study, the group that is the placebo or no treatment is called the...?

    Control Group

    The gold standard research design in experimental research is?

    <p>Double-blind placebo-controlled study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is epidemiological research?

    <p>Research that studies the variables that influence health in a population; often observational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a nutrient?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these nutrients is considered a micronutrient?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ are the basic building blocks in proteins that function to synthesize, grow, and maintain tissues in the body.

    <p>Amino Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chemical structure of organic nutrients consists of?

    <p>Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trace minerals, or microminerals, are needed in the body in amounts less than... grams.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research confirms that _____ is the most important consideration when it comes to making a food choice.

    <p>Taste/flavor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advertising especially works on _____ to influence their food choices.

    <p>young people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individual energy needs are dependent upon which factor(s)?

    <p>Age, Activity level, Gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ABCDs of nutritional assessment are?

    <p>Anthropometrics, biochemical, clinical, and dietary intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate method to gather information on a specific food or category of food eaten?

    <p>Food frequency questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The best way to meet nutrient needs is to _____ .

    <p>Eat a well-balanced diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The American diet is too high in _____.

    <p>Sodium, added sugar and saturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals who are obese are NOT likely to have higher rates of _____.

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of the twentieth century are ______.

    <p>Healthy People 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States, the four diseases that are related to nutrition include _____.

    <p>Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients does NOT provide energy to the body?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is most abundant in the body?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that lipids are much more concentrated than carbohydrates and contain less _____ and _____.

    <p>Water; oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Katie is 27 years old and weighs 143 pounds. Calculate her weight in kilograms.

    <p>65 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before his track meet, Seth ate a chocolate chip granola bar containing 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of fat, and 5 grams of protein. How many kilocalories did Seth consume?

    <p>105 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A scientist conducted a vitamin D experiment, giving the experimental group a vitamin D supplement and control group a placebo. None of the subjects knew which pill they were taking and the scientist did not know which pill was given to each of the subjects. This experiment is an example of what kind of study?

    <p>Double-blind placebo-controlled study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Healthy eating involves the key principles of _____, _____, and _____.

    <p>Moderation, Balance, Variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Healthy eating includes choosing foods that are nutrient-dense. What is not an example of a nutrient-dense food?

    <p>Soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The measurement of nutrients in a food compared to the kilocalorie content is _____.

    <p>Nutrient Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The long-term outcome of consuming a diet that is either lacking in the essential nutrients or contains excess energy is known as ______.

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best illustrates balance and variety in a menu?

    <p>Citrus chicken, strawberry-spinach salad, grilled zucchini, and a whole-wheat roll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A woman's palm is approximately how many ounces of cooked meat, poultry, or fish?

    <p>3 oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most Americans tend to _____ portion sizes put on their plates.

    <p>Underestimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The standard amount of food provided for which nutrient composition is presented is called a _____.

    <p>Serving Size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Controlling portion size is part of eating healthfully. The following are examples of portion control except _____.

    <p>Using a large plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Portion control is an important part of healthy eating. Which of the following suggests an excessive portion?

    <p>5 oz French fries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ refers to the highest amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm if consumed daily.

    <p>Tolerable Upper Intake Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the DRIs is projected to meet 50 percent of a healthy population's needs?

    <p>Estimated Average Requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DRIs were established by which agency?

    <p>Food and Nutrition Board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The approximate daily amount of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the needs of similar individuals within a population group is ______.

    <p>Adequate Intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What references should be used to determine if an adolescent is meeting his daily calcium needs?

    <p>Recommended Dietary Allowance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Dietary Guidelines were established in 1990 to promote the health of Americans. The guidelines are to be updated every _____ years.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MyPlate recommends that _____ of the plate to be covered with fruits and vegetables.

    <p>1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MyPlate is based on three general recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Which foods should individuals reduce?

    <p>Foods high in sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the MyPlate fruit group, which food below is considered less nutrient-dense?

    <p>Fruit drinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 2,000-kcal diet, approximately how many kcals should come from discretionary foods?

    <p>260</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has regulated the food labeling laws since the 1930s?

    <p>FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Since 1930, all of the following information is required to be present on nutrition labels except _____.

    <p>Contact information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2012, the FDA proposed new changes to the Nutrition Facts Panel. Which of the following is new?

    <p>Including added sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a nutrient content claim is _____.

    <p>Low sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sarah is looking for a cereal that is high (or excellent) source of fiber. What % DV should she look for on the Nutrition Facts panel?

    <blockquote> <p>20%</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    Which claims are examples of a structure/function claim?

    <p>&quot;Calcium builds strong bones&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organ that transfers food from the mouth to the stomach is the _____.

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>Digest Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the GI tract that mixes and churns food with digestive juices is the _____.

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The accessory organ responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol is the _____.

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gallbladder stores _____, which is released into the _____.

    <p>Bile; small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organ of the GI tract that digests and absorbs the most nutrients is the _____.

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is remaining for absorption once chyme enters the large intestine?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct order in which food passes through the GI tract is _____ .

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of absorption occurs when nutrients move from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient with the help of a carrier protein?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria in the colon produce some vitamins, including vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, and vitamin B12. What two vitamins can be absorbed?

    <p>Biotin and Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does digestion begin?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of digestion that involves segmentation and peristalsis is _____ digestion.

    <p>Mechanical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would cause enzymes to become activated?

    <p>Presence of the appropriate nutrient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pepsinogen is the inactive protease secreted by the chief cells in the stomach; this enzyme is converted to the active form called ________ in the presence of HCl.

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process moves absorbed nutrients throughout the body through the cardiovascular and lymph systems?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once the nutrients have been absorbed through the small intestinal mucosa, they are carried off either through the ________ or the ________.

    <p>Lymphatic system, cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat-soluble vitamins are first carried throughout the body via the _____.

    <p>Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the _____ and _____.

    <p>Heart, liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates and amino acids are carried through the body by the _____ system.

    <p>Cardiovascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The disorder that results in swallowing too much air from eating too fast or drinking carbonated beverages is _____.

    <p>Belching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle habit is likely to cause heartburn?

    <p>Reclining after a large meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The helicobacter pylori bacterium is often involved. Burning pain is the most common symptom, along with vomiting, fatigue, bleeding, and general weakness. What is this digestive disorder?

    <p>Ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sarah has complaints about constipation. What is the BEST approach Sarah should use to resolve the constipation?

    <p>Do both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual who has celiac disease can include which food listed below in his/her diet without a reaction?

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jim woke up late and skipped breakfast to get to his 10 a.m. class. After his 1 p.m. class, he walks by a burger joint and feels sharp hunger pains. Which hormone is causing this sensation?

    <p>Ghrelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods

    • Researchers utilize the Scientific Method to address nutrition-related questions.
    • Peer-reviewed journals are valid sources for nutrition research verification.
    • In experimental studies, the Control Group receives a placebo or no treatment.

    Research Design

    • The Double-blind placebo-controlled study is the preferred experimental design for unbiased results.
    • Epidemiological research focuses on variables affecting health within populations, typically through observational methods.

    Nutrients

    • Water is classified as an essential nutrient.
    • Micronutrients include Vitamins and are required in smaller amounts.
    • Amino Acids serve as the building blocks of proteins essential for tissue maintenance.

    Nutrient Composition

    • Organic nutrients have a chemical structure composed of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen.
    • Trace minerals, needed in amounts less than 5 grams, play critical roles in health.

    Dietary Choices

    • Taste/flavor is the primary factor influencing food choices.
    • Advertising primarily affects young people in their food decisions.
    • Individual energy requirements depend on Age, Activity Level, and Gender.

    Nutritional Assessment

    • The ABCDs of nutritional assessment involve anthropometrics, biochemical measures, clinical evaluations, and dietary intake analysis.
    • A Food Frequency Questionnaire is most effective for specific dietary information collection.

    Healthy Eating Principles

    • A well-balanced diet is crucial for meeting nutrient needs.
    • The typical American diet is excessively high in Sodium, Added Sugar, and Saturated Fat.
    • Moderation, Balance, and Variety are key principles for healthy eating.

    Portion Control

    • Americans often underestimate portion sizes.
    • A standard serving size is crucial for understanding nutrient composition.
    • Excessive portion sizes can be exemplified by 5 oz of french fries.

    Dietary Guidelines

    • The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are revised every 5 years, promoting health improvements.
    • MyPlate suggests that half the plate should consist of fruits and vegetables while indicating that high sodium foods should be reduced.

    Digestion Process

    • Digestion begins in the Mouth, with mechanical digestion occurring through segmentation and peristalsis in the stomach.
    • The Small Intestine is the primary organ for nutrient absorption.
    • The Liver metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol.

    Nutrient Transportation

    • Absorbed nutrients circulate through the body via the Cardiovascular or Lymphatic systems.
    • Fat-soluble vitamins travel through the lymphatic system before entering circulation.
    • The Hepatic veins deliver nutrients to the Heart and Liver.

    Digestive Disorders

    • Belching results from swallowing excess air or consuming carbonated beverages.
    • Ulcers often caused by Helicobacter pylori, result in symptoms like burning pain and fatigue.
    • Individuals with Celiac Disease can consume Rice without adverse reactions.

    Hormonal Regulation

    • Ghrelin is the hormone responsible for hunger sensations, triggered by fasting or skipping meals.

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    Prepare for your Nutrition Test 1 with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the scientific method, valid research sources, and experimental study designs. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for your exam!

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