Nutrition Study Guide Flashcards

Questions and Answers

A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what?

Simple carbohydrates

What is an example of an incomplete protein?

Plant proteins such as beans

Lutein slows the progression of macular degeneration and is found in foods such as?

Kale, spinach, collard and mustard greens

If a bag of TPN runs out, what should be infused until another bag becomes available?

10% dextrose in water Signup and view all the answers

What kind of carbohydrate should the majority of your diet be?

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

How much of your diet should be protein?

10% to 35% a day Signup and view all the answers

How much of your diet should be fat?

20% to 35% a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of cholesterol per day?

200 to 300 mg Signup and view all the answers

When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding, how should you first initiate this feeding?

Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is achieved Signup and view all the answers

What is beriberi?

A thiamine deficiency (vitamin B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a good source of vitamin B?

Whole grains Signup and view all the answers

What are some laboratory findings of acute pancreatitis?

Decreased serum calcium; Increased serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

A high fiber diet can help prevent what?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers

How many calories equal a weight gain of 1 pound?

3500 Signup and view all the answers

What are three complications of TPN?

Diarrhea, Polyuria, Hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

How long can expressed breastmilk be stored in the refrigerator?

5 to 8 days Signup and view all the answers

What does a low residue diet do?

Limits the amount of stool traveling through the intestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is a good food to increase zinc intake?

Ground beef patty Signup and view all the answers

To help prevent nausea, what should a patient do when eating?

Eat foods at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

How many calories are there per gram of fat?

Nine Signup and view all the answers

Patients who adhere to a kosher diet do eat dairy products combined with what?

Non-meat products at the same meal Signup and view all the answers

What has more calcium, yogurt or cheese?

Yogurt Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a new ileostomy should do what four things?

<ol> <li>Increase dietary salt intake; 2. Increase amount of foods that can help thicken the stool; 3. Prepare meals on schedule; 4. Increase dietary B12</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a patient with celiac disease avoid all types of processed foods?

Because they contain gluten Signup and view all the answers

What fruit is a high source of potassium?

Cantaloupe Signup and view all the answers

How many extra calories a day should a woman in her second trimester consume?

340 Signup and view all the answers

How many extra calories a day should a woman in her third trimester consume?

452 Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, how much protein, fat, and carbohydrates should a woman consume a day?

20% of the daily total calorie intake. Fat should be 30% and carbohydrates 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenylketonuria diet?

Foods low in phenylalanine should be included and foods high in protein should be avoided Signup and view all the answers

How many ounces a week should an infant gain for the first 5 to 6 months?

5 to 7 ounces Signup and view all the answers

When should iron fortified cereal be introduced?

4 months Signup and view all the answers

Cows milk should not be introduced into the diet until after how old?

One year Signup and view all the answers

Breastfeeding teaching points?

Newborn offered breast immediately and frequently. 8-12 feedings in 24hrs; Demand-feed to assess hunger cues; Nurse up to 15-20 mins per breast every 2-4 hrs; Encourage mothers to pump; milk can be refrigerated for 10 days or frozen for 6 months; Thaw milk in refrigerator, not with heat, can store for 24hrs, do not refreeze, discard unused milk; Avoid freshwater fish, alcohol, and limit caffeine; No medication or supplements unless prescribed by your doctor. Signup and view all the answers

Hunger cues for infants?

Rooting, suckling on hands Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Conditions and Recommendations

Patients with celiac disease should primarily increase their intake of simple carbohydrates.
A good source of zinc includes ground beef patties.
Foods low in phenylalanine must be included in the diet for those with phenylketonuria, while high-protein foods should be avoided.

Proteins and Nutrients

Incomplete proteins are found in plant proteins such as beans.
A diet should consist of 10% to 35% protein and 20% to 35% fat daily.
Whole grains serve as excellent sources of vitamin B, essential for overall health.

Dietary Guidelines

Recommended cholesterol intake is between 200 to 300 mg per day.
The majority of carbohydrates consumed should be polysaccharides.
A high-fiber diet may help prevent conditions like hyperlipidemia.

Progression of Diseases and Vitamins

Lutein, found in kale, spinach, and collard greens, slows down the progression of macular degeneration.
Individuals should be aware of beriberi, a condition resulting from thiamine deficiency.

Weight Management

To gain 1 pound, an excess intake of 3500 calories is necessary.

Tube Feeding and Nutrition

When initiating enteral nutrition via intermittent tube feeding, gradually increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings to reach the prescribed volume.
If a bag of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) runs out, infuse 10% dextrose in water until a new bag is available.

Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition

Newborns should be offered breast milk immediately, with 8-12 feedings in a 24-hour period.
Introduce iron-fortified cereal at 4 months of age and avoid cow’s milk until after one year.
During the first 5 to 6 months, infants should gain 5 to 7 ounces weekly.

Storage and Usage of Breastmilk

Expressed breastmilk can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 to 8 days.
Thaw breast milk in the refrigerator; avoid defrosting with heat and do not refreeze unused milk.

Maternal Nutritional Needs

Women in the second trimester should consume an additional 340 calories daily, and those in the third trimester should increase their intake by 452 calories daily.
Recommended macronutrient distribution during pregnancy: 20% protein, 30% fat, and 50% carbohydrates.

Limitations and Special Diets

A low-residue diet limits stool passage for patients needing fewer bowel activities.
Foods to avoid on a kosher diet include shellfish and pork; dairy may be consumed with non-meat products.
Patients with celiac disease should steer clear of processed foods to avoid gluten exposure.

Laboratory Findings and Pancreatitis

Common lab findings in acute pancreatitis may include decreased serum calcium, and increased serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin.

Hunger Cues and Feeding Techniques

Hunger cues in infants include rooting and sucking on their hands.
To help prevent nausea, patients should eat foods served at room temperature.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key nutrition concepts with these flashcards! Covering topics like celiac disease, protein types, and important nutrients, this quiz is perfect for anyone studying nutrition. Enhance your understanding of dietary essentials and their impact on health.