Nutrition Science Quiz

The Science of Nutrients

• Nutrients in foods are biochemicals vital for growth, development, and overall health.
• These nutrients interact within the body to sustain metabolic processes, support cellular functions, and provide energy.
• Nutrient-dense foods contain a high level of vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial compounds relative to their calorie content.

Malnutrition

• Refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake.
• Can manifest as undernutrition (lack of essential nutrients) or overnutrition (excessive calorie or nutrient intake).
• Associated with a range of health issues, including stunted growth, weakened immune function, and chronic diseases.

Macronutrients

• Include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—nutrients needed in larger quantities.
• Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source; fiber is a subcategory with digestive health benefits.
• Proteins support tissue repair, muscle growth, and enzyme production; they are made up of amino acids.
• Fats are vital for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and as an energy reserve; include saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.

Micronutrients

• Include vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts to support various bodily functions.
• Vitamins play crucial roles in metabolism, immunity, and overall health; examples include Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and B vitamins.
• Minerals such as iron, calcium, and potassium are essential for bone health, oxygen transport, and nerve function.

Calorie

• A unit of energy measurement; often referred to as kilocalories (kcal) in dietary contexts.
• Represents the energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.
• Caloric intake is essential to maintain bodily functions and overall health; balance between calories consumed and expended is crucial for weight management.

Essential Nutrients

• Nutrients that the body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through diet.
• Include certain amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
• Essential nutrients are crucial for growth, disease prevention, and overall health maintenance.