Nutrition Science Quiz

Study Notes

The Science of Nutrients

Nutrients in foods are biochemicals vital for growth, development, and overall health.
These nutrients interact within the body to sustain metabolic processes, support cellular functions, and provide energy.
Nutrient-dense foods contain a high level of vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial compounds relative to their calorie content.

Malnutrition

Refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake.
Can manifest as undernutrition (lack of essential nutrients) or overnutrition (excessive calorie or nutrient intake).
Associated with a range of health issues, including stunted growth, weakened immune function, and chronic diseases.

Macronutrients

Include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—nutrients needed in larger quantities.
Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source; fiber is a subcategory with digestive health benefits.
Proteins support tissue repair, muscle growth, and enzyme production; they are made up of amino acids.
Fats are vital for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and as an energy reserve; include saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.

Micronutrients

Include vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts to support various bodily functions.
Vitamins play crucial roles in metabolism, immunity, and overall health; examples include Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and B vitamins.
Minerals such as iron, calcium, and potassium are essential for bone health, oxygen transport, and nerve function.

Calorie

A unit of energy measurement; often referred to as kilocalories (kcal) in dietary contexts.
Represents the energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.
Caloric intake is essential to maintain bodily functions and overall health; balance between calories consumed and expended is crucial for weight management.

Essential Nutrients

Nutrients that the body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through diet.
Include certain amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Essential nutrients are crucial for growth, disease prevention, and overall health maintenance.

Description

Test your knowledge about the science of nutrients in foods, balanced diets, and the prevention of deficiency diseases. Learn about malnutrition and the role of nutrients in providing energy, regulating agents, and supporting growth in the body.