HUN1201 - Nutrition Module 1

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Questions and Answers

Identify the six classes of nutrients.

Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.

Identify the chemical (elemental) makeup of each of the six classes of nutrients.

Carbohydrates - Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen, Lipids - Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen, Protein - Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen + Nitrogen, Vitamins - Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen, Minerals - Minerals, Water - Hydrogen + Oxygen.

What do carbohydrates, protein, and fat have in common chemically?

Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen.

What makes the composition of protein different from carbohydrates and fat?

Nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Identify which nutrient generally predominates in food/your diet.

Water. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the six classes of nutrients as either macro or micro-nutrients.

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the terms essential and nonessential nutrients.

Essential nutrients your body cannot make on its own and it needs from outside sources. Non-essential nutrients your body can make on its own. Signup and view all the answers

How many essential/indispensable nutrients are there?

40 nutrients are known to be essential in human nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

Define the terms organic and inorganic nutrient.

Inorganic - Nutrients that do not contain carbon. Organic - Nutrients that contain carbon, an element found in living things. Signup and view all the answers

Classify each of the six nutrients as being either organic or inorganic.

Carbohydrates = Organic Lipids = Organic Protein = Organic Vitamins = Organic Minerals = Inorganic Water = Inorganic Signup and view all the answers

Which are the energy yielding and non-energy yielding nutrients?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Are most foods composed of only one of the macro nutrients?

False Signup and view all the answers

How is the energy of food expressed?

Energy is expressed in 1000-calorie metric units known as kilocalories. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the caloric value or energy density of each of the six classes of nutrients.

Carbohydrates - 4 kcal/g, Fat - 9 kcal/g, Protein - 4 kcal/g. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four leading causes of death in the U.S. that can be affected by your diet?

Heart Disease, Cancers, Strokes, Diabetes Mellitus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the principles of a healthy diet?

Balance, Variety, Moderation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current food guide for the USA?

MyPlate. Signup and view all the answers

How many different food group categories are in MyPlate?

Five: Proteins, Dairy, Grains, Vegetables & Fruit. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of foods/alternatives in the meat and bean group?

Vegetarians can eat legumes such as soybeans, lentils, peanuts, garbanzo beans, black beans, and pinto beans. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of legumes?

Soybeans, peanuts, garbanzo beans, black beans, kidney beans, lentils, peas, pinto beans. Signup and view all the answers

What criteria determines how many servings one should consume in each food category of MyPlate?

Amounts/number of servings depend on age, gender, weight, activity level, and height. Signup and view all the answers

What information must appear on every food label (mandatory)?

Common name of product, name and address of manufacturer, net contents, ingredients by descending order, serving size, quantities of specified nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nutrient Density?

A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the kcalories it provides, wanting most nutrients for the fewest calories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between nutrient density and energy density?

Energy density = energy per amount consumed; Nutrient density = Amount of nutrient per calories provided. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five enrichment nutrients?

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic Acid, Iron. Signup and view all the answers

What mineral is added in the enrichment process?

Iron. Signup and view all the answers

What part of a whole wheat grain contains the most fiber?

Bran. Signup and view all the answers

What part of a whole grain cereal contains the most starch?

Endosperm. Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient makes up most of the endosperm of grains?

Starch. Signup and view all the answers

Which bread would have the highest fiber content?

Whole-Grain. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the grain remains after the refining process?

Endosperm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'nutrient fortification'?

Fortification refers to the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential micronutrient. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most highly fortified foods on the market?

Ready to eat breakfast cereal. Signup and view all the answers

What is malnutrition? Types and differences between the different types?

Malnutrition is caused by excess or deficient nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is fortification?

Fortified foods have nutrients added that were not part of the original food. Signup and view all the answers

What is enrichment?

Enriched foods have nutrients added back that were lost during processing. Signup and view all the answers

What are the daily values?

Percent of standard, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrition?

The science of foods and the nutrients they contain, and of their actions within the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is primary deficiency?

A nutrient deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance?

The average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of healthy people. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Classes and Their Composition

There are six classes of nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; Proteins uniquely contain Nitrogen.
Essential nutrients are those the body cannot synthesize, while non-essential nutrients can be produced by the body.

Nutrient Classification

Nutrients are categorized as macronutrients (Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Water) and micronutrients (Vitamins, Minerals).
Organic nutrients contain carbon (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins), while inorganic nutrients do not (Minerals, Water).
Out of 40 known essential nutrients for human health, 3 are primarily energy-yielding (Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins) and 3 are non-energy yielding (Vitamins, Minerals, Water).

Dietary Guidelines and MyPlate

MyPlate is the current food guide for the USA, consisting of five categories: Proteins, Dairy, Grains, Vegetables, and Fruits.
Recommended servings in each food group depend on personal factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and height.

Food Labeling and Nutrition Density

Mandatory information on food labels includes the product's common name, manufacturer's details, net contents, ingredient list, serving size, and nutrient quantities.
Nutrient density measures the amount of nutrients per calorie in food, while energy density refers to the energy provided per amount consumed.

Nutritional Fortification and Enrichment

Fortification increases the nutrient content of food by adding essential micronutrients that were not present originally.
Enrichment restores nutrients lost during processing, typically adding iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.

Malnutrition and Daily Values

Malnutrition arises from an imbalance in nutrient intake, leading to either excess or deficiency of energy or specific nutrients.
Daily values on nutrition labels reflect the percentage of nutrients based on a standard 2,000-calorie diet, adjustable for individual calorie needs.

Whole Grains and Dietary Fiber

Bran, the outer layer of whole grains, contains the highest fiber content, while endosperm, the grain's middle part, is rich in starch.
Whole-grain bread offers the most fiber among bread types, while refined grains consist predominantly of the endosperm.

Nutritional Science Definition

Nutrition encompasses the study of food, nutrients, their biological roles, and broader social, cultural, and psychological implications related to food consumption.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily nutrient intake goal deemed sufficient for the majority of healthy individuals.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the six classes of nutrients with this flashcard quiz. Identify their definitions and chemical makeup. Enhance your understanding of nutrition fundamentals in this first module.