Questions and Answers
Which of the following would be a good source of carbohydrates?
Which of the following elements is present in carbohydrates?
What is one function of proteins?
Which is NOT a structure of DNA?
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Which pair contains saturated fats that are generally solid at room temperature?
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What is the function of DNA?
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Protein has many forms. Which of the following is NOT a form of protein?
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Which nutrient is a double helix structure?
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What are essential amino acids?
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How many of the 20 amino acids are classified as essential?
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What role do enzymes play in the body?
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What distinguishes one amino acid from another?
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Which of the following proteins helps fight infections?
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What is the primary function of hormones in the body?
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Which amino acid is classified as non-essential?
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What can proteins be customized for?
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What role does insulin play in the body?
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Which type of fat is considered less healthy due to its impact on cholesterol?
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Which protein is involved in muscle contraction?
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What is the basic structural component of fats?
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Why are saturated fats solid at room temperature?
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Which of the following is an example of a support structure protein?
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What type of bond characterizes unsaturated fats?
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Which of the following hormones is a type of protein?
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What is the main source of energy for organisms?
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What building blocks are proteins made of?
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Which of the following is NOT a subunit of a nucleotide?
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To which macromolecule do Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose belong?
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What process occurs when disaccharides are broken into monosaccharides?
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Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
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What is the role of insulin in the body?
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
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What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?
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Which of the following is NOT related to protein?
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Which task is NOT a job of proteins?
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Which macromolecule is responsible for storing energy and insulating the body?
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In what form is excess glucose stored in plants during summer?
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Which of the following pairs has components that are UNRELATED?
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Why are sterols considered to be lipids?
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Which macromolecule serves as an emergency energy source in muscles?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates and Sources
- Good sources of carbohydrates include cassava and eggplant; proteins are not carbs.
- Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Functions of Macromolecules
- Proteins perform functions like cell growth and repair, and transporting molecules across membranes.
- Fats/lipids provide immediate energy and store energy long-term.
- Nucleic acids are responsible for storing genetic material.
Forms of Proteins
- Common protein forms: enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin; cholesterol is NOT a protein.
DNA Structure
- DNA structures include sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases; steroids are NOT part of DNA.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
- Saturated fats, such as those found in butter and cheese, are solid at room temperature.
- Unsaturated fats, found in vegetable oils, are liquid at room temperature and considered healthier.
Amino Acids
- 20 total amino acids; 9 are essential and must be obtained from diet: phenylalanine, lysine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine.
- Amino acids have unique side chains that define their functions.
Functions of Specific Proteins
- Antibodies fight infections by recognizing foreign pathogens.
- Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions; approximately 1300 different types exist in human cells.
- Hormones regulate bodily functions, with insulin controlling blood sugar.
- Transport proteins (e.g., hemoglobin) carry substances like oxygen across cell membranes.
Lipids Overview
- Lipids, or fats, yield high energy and are mostly insoluble in water.
- Composed of fatty acids, which can be saturated (solid at room temperature) or unsaturated (liquid at room temperature).
Dietary Considerations
- Excess saturation from fats like butter and cheese may increase cardiovascular disease risk.
- Cholesterol is a lipid, but excessive consumption is not advisable due to health risks.
Energy Storage in Plants
- Glucose produced during photosynthesis is stored in plants as starch or glycogen.
Protein Misconceptions
- Proteins do not store genetic information; this is the role of nucleic acids.
- Sterols are classified as lipids due to their high hydrogen content and lack of water solubility.
Energy and Muscle Function
- Proteins store energy used quickly, e.g., during emergency physical actions.
Macromolecule Functions Recap
- Carbohydrates primarily serve as energy sources.
- Proteins function in growth, repair, signaling, and reactions.
- Fats/lipids insulate, store energy, and form cell membranes.
- Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
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Description
Test your knowledge on carbohydrates and proteins with this quiz! Discover the sources of carbohydrates, the elements they contain, and their roles in the body. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of nutrition.
