Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason pregnant women require increased calcium and iron in their diet?
What is the primary reason pregnant women require increased calcium and iron in their diet?
- To improve mental health
- To support their own energy needs
- To build bones, teeth, and blood for the fetus (correct)
- To decrease the risk of muscle cramps
Breastfeeding mothers require less calcium in their diets.
Breastfeeding mothers require less calcium in their diets.
False (B)
Why do adults experience a decrease in energy requirements with age?
Why do adults experience a decrease in energy requirements with age?
Activity levels and growth slow down.
Males generally have more muscle mass than _______ which requires more energy.
Males generally have more muscle mass than _______ which requires more energy.
Match the groups with their respective nutritional needs:
Match the groups with their respective nutritional needs:
Which of the following are essential components of a balanced diet?
Which of the following are essential components of a balanced diet?
A balanced diet prevents malnutrition.
A balanced diet prevents malnutrition.
What condition is caused by consuming excessive amounts of saturated fat?
What condition is caused by consuming excessive amounts of saturated fat?
Malnutrition can lead to conditions such as ______ and obesity.
Malnutrition can lead to conditions such as ______ and obesity.
Match the following nutrients with their functions:
Match the following nutrients with their functions:
What effect does insufficient fiber intake have on the body?
What effect does insufficient fiber intake have on the body?
Energy requirements remain constant regardless of activity levels.
Energy requirements remain constant regardless of activity levels.
Name a mineral essential for a balanced diet.
Name a mineral essential for a balanced diet.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Proteins are essential for hormone production.
Proteins are essential for hormone production.
Name one source of dietary fibre.
Name one source of dietary fibre.
________ is needed for strong bones and teeth, and can be obtained from sunlight.
________ is needed for strong bones and teeth, and can be obtained from sunlight.
Match the following nutrients with their deficiency symptoms:
Match the following nutrients with their deficiency symptoms:
Which type of fats should be avoided?
Which type of fats should be avoided?
Water is not essential for any bodily processes.
Water is not essential for any bodily processes.
What is the role of vitamins and minerals in the body?
What is the role of vitamins and minerals in the body?
The two types of carbohydrates are __________ and __________.
The two types of carbohydrates are __________ and __________.
Which nutrient is primarily involved in maintaining healthy bones?
Which nutrient is primarily involved in maintaining healthy bones?
Flashcards
Balanced Diet
Balanced Diet
A diet containing all the essential nutrients in the right proportions to maintain good health.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition
A condition where the body lacks one or more essential nutrients.
CHD (Coronary Heart Disease)
CHD (Coronary Heart Disease)
A type of heart disease caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
Obesity
Obesity
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Constipation
Constipation
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Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate
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Protein
Protein
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Lipid (Fat)
Lipid (Fat)
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Why do Children need more protein?
Why do Children need more protein?
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Why do adults need less energy than children?
Why do adults need less energy than children?
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Why do active people need more energy?
Why do active people need more energy?
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Why do pregnant women need extra Calcium and Iron?
Why do pregnant women need extra Calcium and Iron?
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Why do breastfeeding mothers need extra calcium and energy?
Why do breastfeeding mothers need extra calcium and energy?
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Digestion
Digestion
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Starch
Starch
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Amino Acids
Amino Acids
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Saturated Fat
Saturated Fat
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Unsaturated Fat
Unsaturated Fat
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Trans Fat
Trans Fat
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Soluble Fiber
Soluble Fiber
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Insoluble Fiber
Insoluble Fiber
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Rickets
Rickets
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Study Notes
King's InterHigh
- Leading online school
- Focuses on online learning
Structure & Function in Living Organisms
- Movement of substances into and out of cells
- Topic: Transport
Week 12 BIO Discovery - A Balanced Diet
- Textbook page references: 52-57, 59-61
- Previous week: Movement across membranes 2
- Next week: Digestive System
Learning Objectives
- Balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and dietary fiber
- Sources and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats and oils), vitamins A, C, D, mineral ions (calcium, iron), water, and dietary fiber
- Energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy
What is a balanced diet?
- Provides all essential nutrients in the correct proportions
- Prevents malnutrition and related health issues
- Image: Pyramid depicting food groups
Malnutrition
- Health problems caused by malnutrition
- Coronary heart disease (CHD): Consuming excessive saturated fat and cholesterol. Fatty deposits build up in arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart and leading to heart attacks.
- Obesity: More energy is consumed than expended. Excess energy is stored as fat. This can lead to obesity, CHD, and type 2 diabetes.
- Constipation: Insufficient fiber in the diet. This causes difficulty pushing digested food through the digestive system, increasing the risk of bowel cancer.
- Rickets: Insufficient vitamin D or calcium. This results in deformed growing bones.
Sources and Functions of Nutrients
- Explore the name, function, and sources of the 7 main food groups.
- Students should create a summary table
Carbohydrates
- Function: Primary source of energy
- Sources: Bread, cereals, pasta, rice, potatoes
- Types:
- Simple carbohydrates (sugars)
- Complex carbohydrates (starches)
Proteins
- Function: Growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues
- Sources: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, nuts
- Composed of amino acids
- Essential for:
- Enzyme production
- Hormone regulation
- Immune system function
Lipids (Fats and Oils)
- Function: Energy storage, insulation, hormone production
- Sources: Butter, oils, nuts, avocados, fatty fish
- Types:
- Saturated fats
- Unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated)
- Trans fats (to be avoided)
Dietary Fibre
- Function: Aids digestion by providing bulk, pushing food through the intestines, promotes gut health
- Types:
- Soluble fiber: Lowers cholesterol and blood sugar
- Insoluble fiber: Promotes regular bowel movements
- Sources: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes
Water
- Function: Essential for all bodily processes; metabolic reactions take place in aqueous solutions
- Sources: Water, beverages, fruits, vegetables
Vitamins and Minerals
- Function: Needed in small quantities to maintain health
- Sources: Fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy products
Examples of Vitamins and Minerals
| Nutrient | Role in the Body | Deficiency Symptoms | Food Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Needed for strong teeth and bones; involved in blood clotting | Osteoporosis (weak bones later in life) | Milk, cheese, eggs |
| Vitamin D | Helps absorb calcium; required for strong bones and teeth | Weak bones, rickets (in children) | Oily fish, dairy, sunlight (made by the body) |
| Vitamin C | Forms collagen (skin, hair, gums, bones) | Scurvy (bleeding gums, fatigue) | Citrus fruits, green vegetables |
| Vitamin A | Needed to make pigment in the retina for vision | Night blindness, dry skin | Liver, dairy, leafy green vegetables, eggs |
| Iron | Needed to make hemoglobin; helps carry oxygen | Anemia (fatigue, weakness) | Red meat, liver, leafy green vegetables, spinach |
Factors Affecting Nutritional Needs
- Nutritional requirements vary throughout life and different quantities of the same food groups are needed
- Children need more protein and Adults need less protein and more energy per day due to their lowered level of activity
- Active individuals need higher energy requirements, Pregnant women need extra energy, calcium and iron for the developing foetus, while breastfeeding mothers need the extra energy and calcium for production of breastmilk, and males typically have higher average energy requirements due to their higher muscle mass compared to fat
Let's check our understanding True or False
- Bread, pasta, and rice are good sources of carbohydrates (True)
- Breastfeeding mothers require less calcium in their diets (False)
- Males have higher average energy requirements (True)
- Iron is needed to make pigment in the retina for vision (False)
- Fruit and vegetables are an excellent source of protein (False)
- Dietary fiber pushes food through our intestines (True)
Explore Lessons This Week
- Materials needed: Pens, pencils, plain and lined paper, calculator
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