Nutrition Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions - Nutrition

• Nutrients: Some nutrients are toxic in large amounts. Nutrients include minerals and water, which transports waste.
• Pancreas: The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid with bicarbonate and digests fat with enzymes.
• Liver: The liver converts cholesterol to bile acids and synthesizes glucose (gluconeogenesis).
• Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus responds to leptin by decreasing appetite, and in the absence of leptin, mice lose weight.
• Intestine: The small intestine transports long-chain fatty acids into lymph via chylomicrons. It has a smooth interior.
• Adipose Tissue: White adipose tissue (WAT) stores fat, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fat to maintain body temperature.
• Body Composition: Water is the primary component of normal body weight, followed by fat, then protein and carbohydrates.
• Ulcerative Colitis: Patients with ulcerative colitis should avoid NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for long-term use. Probiotics and prebiotics are recommended.
• Acetyl-CoA Source: Fat, amino acids, and glucose can all serve as sources of acetyl-CoA.
• ATP Generation: ATP is generated through electron transport in mitochondria and reduction of oxygen to water.
• Lipoproteins: Lipoproteins vary in size, density, lipid content, and apolipoprotein composition. Some remove lipids, while others deliver them.
• Essential Fatty Acids (EFA): A balance between omega-6 and omega-3 EFAs is important for health. EFAs are precursors to pro- and anti-inflammatory substances. EFAs are abundant in oily fish.

Additional Questions - Nutrition

• ATP Generation: ATP is generated by reduction of oxygen to water through electron transport in mitochondria.
• Lipoproteins: Lipoprotein classes differ in size, density, lipid content, and apolipoprotein composition. Some remove lipids from cells, others deliver them to cells.
• Essential Fatty Acids (EFA): EFA deficiency causes dry, scaly skin. EFA serve as precursors to pro- and anti-inflammatory substances. Oils and fish are good sources.
• Cholesterol in Eggs: Cholesterol in eggs reduces the amount of cholesterol made in the body.
• Lecithin: Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) is an amphipathic molecule, present in lipoproteins and cell membranes, and doesn't have a glycerol backbone.
• Macronutrient Energy: Fat provides the most energy (kcal/g) compared to carbohydrates and proteins.
• Vitamin A: Retinol is the inactive form of Vitamin A. Vitamin A regulates cellular division and differentiation.
• Vitamin D: Vitamin D acts on many cell types in the human body.
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with dietary fats in the gut. Excesses are not excreted through urine, but stored in the body.
• Pregnancy Nutrition: Caloric needs increase during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester for iron. Iron is needed for hemoglobin synthesis.
• Pregnancy Nutrition: Protein needs increase during pregnancy, especially in the later months to support the growing fetus.
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by the fetus's inability to metabolize alcohol, leading to permanent damage.
• Nitrogen Balance: Nitrogen balance shows the relationship between protein intake and needs, and is determined by dietary protein needs.
• Carbohydrate Consumption: Increased carbohydrate consumption will increase glycogen storage
• Food and Glycemic Response: White bread causes a higher glycemic response compared to other choices.
• Metabolic Rate and Consumption: The consumption of certain foods (ex. spaghetti, meatballs) increases metabolic rate.
• Blood Glucose Levels: Blood glucose levels increase during fasting. Consumption of certain foods increases glucose levels, like pasta.
• Sarcopenia: Sarcopenia is the age-related decrease in muscle protein synthesis.
• Aging and Body Composition: Aging can cause loss of motor units, specific muscle fiber atrophy, and increased body fat.
• Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is due to increased glucose production in the liver and decreased glucose uptake by muscle, which contributes to low blood glucose levels.

Test your knowledge on nutrition with this quiz covering essential nutrients, digestive organs functions, and body composition. Learn about the roles of the pancreas, liver, and intestines in maintaining health, along with specific conditions like ulcerative colitis. Perfect for students and health enthusiasts alike!