Nutrition Multiple Choice Questions

A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

Large amounts of some nutrients can be toxic if not consumed in moderation, as they may disrupt metabolic processes.

The pancreas is an organ that produces hormones like insulin and glucagon, and also secretes digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease.

The liver is a vital organ that performs various functions, including detoxifying harmful substances, producing bile for fat digestion, and regulating blood sugar.

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates appetite by sensing hormones like leptin, which signals satiety.

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption, where digestive enzymes break down food molecules for uptake by blood and lymph.

White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly stores excess energy as fat for future use, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fat to generate heat and maintain body temperature.

Water is the main component of the human body, making up over 50% of body weight.

The human body can store significant amounts of fat, compared to protein or carbohydrates.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease, and NSAID use can exacerbate the condition.

Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule in energy metabolism, and it can be produced from breaking down various macronutrients, including fat, amino acids, and glucose.

ATP is generated by the electron transport chain in mitochondria, where oxygen is reduced into water.

Lipoproteins are particles that transport lipids through the bloodstream, and they differ in size, density, lipid content, and protein composition.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are necessary for health but cannot be produced by the body, hence the name 'essential'.

The recommendation to limit egg consumption due to cholesterol content was reversed because cholesterol in the diet has a minimal impact on blood cholesterol levels.

Lecithin is a phospholipid, a type of fat-like molecule that is a major component of cell membranes and lipoproteins.

Fat provides the highest amount of energy per gram (9 kcal/g) compared to carbohydrates (4 kcal/g) or protein (4 kcal/g).

Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A, the active form of the vitamin.

Vitamin A plays a role in vision, cell growth and development, and immune function.

Vitamin D is considered a hormone because it's synthesized in the skin from a precursor molecule, activated in the kidneys, and acts on various cells throughout the body.

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fat reserves, and their absorption is facilitated by dietary lipids.

Iron needs increase during pregnancy to support red blood cell production and oxygen transport to the developing fetus.

Low birth weight is a significant risk factor for developing chronic diseases later in life, as it can affect organ development and metabolic programming.

The RDA is a dietary recommendation that sets the minimum average requirement of a nutrient for almost all healthy individuals in a population.

The UL is the highest amount of a nutrient that is safe to consume without causing adverse effects.

The AI is a dietary recommendation used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR.

DRIs are a set of nutrient reference values that include RDA, EAR, UL, and AI, providing guidance for healthy nutrient intakes.

The EAR is the estimated average requirement of a nutrient needed to meet the needs of 50% of a healthy population.

The LDL receptor is essential for uptake of cholesterol from the bloodstream into cells.

Phosphocreatine is used to generate ATP during short bursts of high-intensity exercise, not endurance exercise which relies on other energy sources.

Fat consumption does not significantly increase metabolic rate in the short term, but may have long-term effects on metabolic efficiency.

While a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet may lead to weight loss initially, it may not be sustainable for long-term weight management.

Carbohydrate utilization increases as exercise intensity increases, as the body relies more heavily on glucose as fuel.

During a long-distance race, the body increasingly relies on fat as fuel as glycogen stores deplete.

The RDA is not the 'Recommended Daily Average' but rather the 'Recommended Dietary Allowance', representing the amount of a nutrient adequate for most people.