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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of nutrition?
What is the primary focus of nutrition?
Malnutrition can only occur due to insufficient food intake.
Malnutrition can only occur due to insufficient food intake.
False
What does the term 'diet' refer to?
What does the term 'diet' refer to?
The food that a person consumes (eating and drinking).
The continuous deterioration in the ability of Lebanese households to access food and other basic needs was noted during __________.
The continuous deterioration in the ability of Lebanese households to access food and other basic needs was noted during __________.
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Match the types of malnutrition with their definitions:
Match the types of malnutrition with their definitions:
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Which of the following diseases are not influenced by diet?
Which of the following diseases are not influenced by diet?
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The percentage of Lebanese households facing food shortages has decreased from November-December 2020 to March-April 2021.
The percentage of Lebanese households facing food shortages has decreased from November-December 2020 to March-April 2021.
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What are two major causes of malnutrition?
What are two major causes of malnutrition?
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What is the total caloric value of 33 grams of fat?
What is the total caloric value of 33 grams of fat?
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Anabolism refers to the metabolic process that releases energy.
Anabolism refers to the metabolic process that releases energy.
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What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
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Foods should contain the right amount of energy to maintain a healthy weight, adjusted to energy __________.
Foods should contain the right amount of energy to maintain a healthy weight, adjusted to energy __________.
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Match the metabolic processes with their descriptions:
Match the metabolic processes with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a nutritious diet?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a nutritious diet?
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What is the total calorie content of 10 grams of carbohydrates?
What is the total calorie content of 10 grams of carbohydrates?
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Knowledge about caloric density is essential for planning a nutritious diet.
Knowledge about caloric density is essential for planning a nutritious diet.
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What determines the nutritional quality of a food based on its nutrient content?
What determines the nutritional quality of a food based on its nutrient content?
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Foods that have a high amount of calories but low nutrients are considered nutrient dense.
Foods that have a high amount of calories but low nutrients are considered nutrient dense.
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What are empty calories?
What are empty calories?
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The more nutrients and the fewer the ______, the higher the nutrient density.
The more nutrients and the fewer the ______, the higher the nutrient density.
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Match the factors to their descriptions:
Match the factors to their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting food choices?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting food choices?
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Elemental diets based solely on supplements promote health and growth.
Elemental diets based solely on supplements promote health and growth.
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What is the primary measure used to evaluate how nutritious a food is?
What is the primary measure used to evaluate how nutritious a food is?
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For which of the following scenarios are dietary supplements generally recommended?
For which of the following scenarios are dietary supplements generally recommended?
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More than half a kilogram of weight loss per week is a realistic guarantee from nutritional programs.
More than half a kilogram of weight loss per week is a realistic guarantee from nutritional programs.
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What is the function of phyto-chemicals found in plant foods?
What is the function of phyto-chemicals found in plant foods?
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Capsaicin, found in peppers, is known for its ______ taste and heart health benefits.
Capsaicin, found in peppers, is known for its ______ taste and heart health benefits.
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Match the following compounds with their benefits:
Match the following compounds with their benefits:
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Which element suggests that a claim about nutrition may be fraudulent?
Which element suggests that a claim about nutrition may be fraudulent?
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Food has no emotional significance in human nutrition.
Food has no emotional significance in human nutrition.
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Why is the digestive tract considered a dynamic system?
Why is the digestive tract considered a dynamic system?
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A reliable website about nutrition should typically have the domain ending in [.blank].
A reliable website about nutrition should typically have the domain ending in [.blank].
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What is the definition of undernutrition?
What is the definition of undernutrition?
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Micronutrients include carbohydrates and proteins.
Micronutrients include carbohydrates and proteins.
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Name one energy-yielding nutrient.
Name one energy-yielding nutrient.
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Water, Vitamins and minerals do NOT yield _______.
Water, Vitamins and minerals do NOT yield _______.
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Match the following types of nutrition with their definitions:
Match the following types of nutrition with their definitions:
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How many calories does 1 gram of fat yield?
How many calories does 1 gram of fat yield?
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Alcohol is considered a nutrient.
Alcohol is considered a nutrient.
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What are the four classes of macronutrients?
What are the four classes of macronutrients?
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The body uses ________ as an indirect energy source from the sun.
The body uses ________ as an indirect energy source from the sun.
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Which of the following nutrients is NOT classified as a macronutrient?
Which of the following nutrients is NOT classified as a macronutrient?
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Study Notes
What is Nutrition?
- Science connecting food to health and disease.
- Involves processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, and excretion of food substances.
Food vs. Diet
- Food: Substances ingested for life maintenance and growth; source of nutrients.
- Diet: Combination of foods a person typically consumes.
Importance of Studying Nutrition
- Diet significantly impacts health and well-being, overshadowing genetic factors.
- Different diseases exhibit varying sensitivities to dietary influences.
Malnutrition
- Linked to diseases caused by nutrient imbalance.
- Two main forms:
- Overnutrition: Excess calorie or nutrient intake.
- Undernutrition: Insufficient calorie or nutrient intake.
Nutritional Challenges in Lebanon
- Reported increase in food access issues from 43% (Nov-Dec 2020) to 47% (Mar-Apr 2021).
- 58% of households faced food shortages during the reporting period.
States of Nutrition
- Overnutrition: Associated with obesity and serious diseases, biochemical functions are reduced.
- Undernutrition: Characterized by nutrient or energy deficiencies.
- Desirable Nutrition: Adequate nutrient intake balancing energy with expenditure.
Nutrients
- Six classes of nutrients, four of which are organic.
- Macronutrients: Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats (provide energy, promote growth).
- Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals (essential for body functions).
- Nutrients include energy-yielding sources: carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins.
Energy Yielding Nutrients
- Energy content per gram:
- Carbohydrates: 4 Cal/g
- Fats: 9 Cal/g
- Proteins: 4 Cal/g
- Alcohol: 7 Cal/g (not a nutrient).
- Water, vitamins, and minerals do not provide energy.
Caloric Calculation Example
- Deluxe hamburger contains approximately:
- Carbohydrate: 148 kcal
- Fat: 297 kcal
- Protein: 120 kcal
- Total: 565 kcal.
Metabolism
- Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions in the body:
- Anabolism: Energy-requiring synthesis reactions.
- Catabolism: Energy-releasing breakdown reactions.
- Enzymes facilitate metabolic reactions, being specific to substrates.
Choosing Nutritious Foods
- Variety of available foods complicates nutritious diet planning.
- Knowledge of caloric density and food combinations is essential.
Characteristics of a Nutritious Diet
- Diverse food choices ensuring nutrient intake.
- Moderation in salt, sugar, and lipids.
- Energy balance with appropriate caloric intake.
- Balance among different nutrient types.
- Adequate essential nutrient provision.
Factors Affecting Food Choices
- Social networks and psychological needs.
- Preferences around flavor, texture, and appearance.
- Impact of food customs, availability, cost, and education.
- Health knowledge and lifestyle habits.
Nutrient Density
- Nutrient density assesses nutritional quality: more nutrients and fewer calories enhance nutrient density.
- Foods with low nutrient density are termed "empty calories."
Supplements vs. Real Food
- Elemental diets based on supplements are only for critically ill individuals; they do not promote growth or health.
- Dietary supplements are generally unnecessary for healthy individuals with balanced diets.
- Real food provides physical, emotional comfort, and complex nutrients beyond basic dietary needs.
Non-Nutrient Compounds
- Phytochemicals: Non-nutrient components in plant foods with potential health benefits.
- Examples include:
- Capsaicin: Found in peppers; may benefit heart health.
- Allicin: Found in garlic; has antimicrobial properties.
- Tannins: Present in wine and tea; potential cancer prevention.
- Examples include:
Identifying Reliable Nutrition Information
- Be wary of extravagant claims or "secret formulas."
- Realistic guarantees and verifiable testimonials are essential.
- Critical assessment is necessary to separate scientific findings from mythology.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of nutrition in this introductory quiz for GESH220. Learn about the vital processes of how food influences health and disease, as well as the distinctions between food and diet. Test your understanding of key concepts related to nutrition and its importance for sustaining life.
