Nutrition in Multi-Cellular Organisms and Autotrophs
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Nutrition in Multi-Cellular Organisms and Autotrophs

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of chlorophyll during the day in desert plants?

  • To absorb carbon dioxide at night
  • To prepare an intermediate for the night
  • To release oxygen during the night
  • To absorb energy that is used to act on an intermediate (correct)

    • What can be observed under a microscope in a leaf cross-section?

  • Only green dots
  • Only chloroplasts
  • Cell organelles called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll (correct)
  • Only starch grains

    • What is the purpose of Activity 6.1?

  • To compare the growth of different plant species
  • To show that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis (correct)
  • To demonstrate the importance of sunlight for plant growth
  • To observe the structure of a leaf cross-section

    • What is the role of the intermediate in desert plants?

    <p>It is prepared during the night and acted upon during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are variegated leaves used in Activity 6.1?

    <p>Because they have distinct green areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the starch in a plant when it is kept in a dark room for three days?

    <p>It is used up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to observe the effect of chlorophyll on photosynthesis?

    <p>A potted plant with variegated leaves, a dark room, and sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of marking the green areas in Activity 6.1?

    <p>To compare the effect of sunlight on different parts of the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the development of a specialized tissue for excretion in multi-cellular organisms?

    <p>To enable the transportation of waste away from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of autotrophs?

    <p>They obtain energy from inorganic sources in the form of carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enzymes in heterotrophic organisms?

    <p>To break down complex substances into simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do multi-cellular organisms like humans require a transportation system?

    <p>To transport waste away from cells to excretory tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy and materials for living organisms?

    <p>The food we eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of heterotrophic organisms?

    <p>They use bio-catalysts to break down complex substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are autotrophs essential for the survival of heterotrophs?

    <p>Because autotrophs are a source of complex substances for heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the transportation system in multi-cellular organisms?

    <p>To transport oxygen to cells and waste away from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in autotrophic organisms?

    <p>To provide energy to the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of excess carbohydrates in autotrophic organisms?

    <p>They are stored in the form of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of water molecule splitting during photosynthesis?

    <p>Hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for autotrophic organisms?

    <p>Sunlight and chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the similarity between autotrophic organisms and humans in terms of energy storage?

    <p>Both store energy in the form of glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events during photosynthesis?

    <p>Light energy absorption, water molecule splitting, and carbohydrate synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of photosynthesis in autotrophic organisms?

    <p>To fulfill carbon and energy requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using potassium hydroxide in the experiment?

    <p>To absorb carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of roots in terrestrial plants?

    <p>To absorb water and minerals from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the plants kept in a dark room for three days?

    <p>To prevent photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using vaseline to seal the bottom of the jars?

    <p>To make the set-up air-tight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conclusion that can be drawn from the experiment?

    <p>Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of autotrophs in the ecosystem?

    <p>They produce their own food through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of checking for the presence of starch in the leaves?

    <p>To determine if photosynthesis is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of heating the beaker containing alcohol in the starch test?

    <p>To facilitate the dissolution of starch in the alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the guard cells in the stomatal pore?

    <p>To control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the starch test in understanding plant physiology?

    <p>It helps to identify the areas of the leaf where photosynthesis is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dipping the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine in the starch test?

    <p>To detect the presence of starch in the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the stomatal pore in plant physiology?

    <p>It facilitates the exchange of gases across the leaf surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the guard cells shrinking in the stomatal pore?

    <p>The stomatal pore closes, reducing gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the colour of the leaf before and after the starch test?

    <p>To identify the areas of the leaf where starch is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the variegated leaf in the starch test?

    <p>It helps to identify the areas of the leaf where photosynthesis is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition in Multi-Cellular Organisms

    • In multi-cellular organisms, specialized tissues are developed for excretion, requiring a transportation system to transport waste away from cells to the excretory tissue.
    • Energy and materials from outside are necessary for growth, development, synthesizing protein, and other substances needed in the body.

    Autotrophic Nutrition

    • Autotrophs, such as green plants and some bacteria, use simple food materials obtained from inorganic sources, like carbon dioxide and water, to fulfill their energy and material requirements.
    • Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert substances from the outside into stored forms of energy.
    • Carbon dioxide and water are converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, which provide energy to the plant.

    Process of Photosynthesis

    • Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll.
    • Light energy is converted into chemical energy, and water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen.
    • Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates.
    • These steps can occur separately, and the plant may prepare an intermediate product at night, which is acted upon by the energy absorbed during the day.

    Role of Chlorophyll

    • Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
    • Chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, are cell organelles found in green dots in leaf cells.

    Importance of Stomata

    • Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of leaves, allowing for massive gaseous exchange during photosynthesis.
    • Stomata are also present on stems, roots, and leaves.
    • Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, and they swell when water flows into them, causing the stomatal pore to open.

    Experiment to Demonstrate Photosynthesis

    • Activity 6.1 demonstrates the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
    • Activity 6.2 shows the effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis.
    • These activities can be used to design an experiment to demonstrate the importance of sunlight for photosynthesis.

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