Nutrition in Human Beings Quiz

Nutrition in Human Beings

• The body obtains nutrition through the process of digestion and absorption, where the ingested food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body cells.
• The villi in the small intestine increase the surface area for absorption, and the blood vessels present in the villi transport the absorbed nutrients to the rest of the body.

Digestive System

• The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
• The mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by teeth, and chemical digestion, where enzymes in saliva break down carbohydrates.
• The esophagus is a muscular tube that propels food into the stomach through peristalsis.

Stomach

• The stomach is a sac-like structure that secretes digestive enzymes and acids that break down proteins and fats.
• The stomach lining has rugae, which increase the surface area for digestion, and the stomach muscles churn and mix food with digestive enzymes.
• The partially digested food, or chyme, is then released into the small intestine.

Small Intestine

• The small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, where the broken-down nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
• The walls of the small intestine contain glands that produce digestive enzymes, and the intestinal cells have microvilli that increase the surface area for absorption.
• The pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile from the liver are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion and absorption.

Pancreas and Liver

• The pancreas produces pancreatic juice that contains enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• The liver produces bile that emulsifies fats, making them easier to digest.

Large Intestine

• The large intestine, or colon, is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and storing and eliminating waste.
• The anus, controlled by the anal sphincter, regulates the elimination of waste.

Dental Health

• Dental caries, or tooth decay, occurs when bacteria produce acid that demineralizes tooth enamel.
• Brushing teeth after eating removes plaque and prevents acid production by bacteria.

Nutrition and Organisms

• Organisms obtain nutrition through different means, such as ingestion, absorption, or photosynthesis.
• In humans, nutrition is obtained through the ingestion and digestion of food.

Test your knowledge on how organisms obtain their nutrition, with a focus on human beings. This quiz covers the process of obtaining nutrition, specialized body parts involved, and different functions related to nutrition.