Nutrition and Human Digestive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of teeth present in a full set of permanent teeth?

32 (correct)

At what age do milk teeth typically start to appear?

6 months (correct)

5 years

3 years

1 year

Which of the following types of teeth are absent in milk teeth?

Canines

Incisors

Molars

Premolars (correct)

What is the primary function of the tongue in the mouth?

To push food towards teeth for chewing Signup and view all the answers

What happens to milk teeth after they have served their purpose?

They fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins primarily broken down into during digestion?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is produced by the body?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is essential for hemoglobin creation?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dietary fibers in nutrition?

Assist in digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily responsible for providing quick energy to the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in energy production between fats and carbohydrates?

Fats produce more energy per mole than carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is NOT a source of carbohydrates?

Fish liver oil Signup and view all the answers

What are the components that make up fats?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of nutrients in the human body?

Nutrients nourish the body and are crucial for various bodily functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the uvula in the digestive system?

To guard the opening of the trachea during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the function of peristalsis?

It is a wave of muscle contractions that pushes food down the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What does not occur in the esophagus during the digestive process?

Digestion of food particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the esophagus in humans?

25 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system follows the pharynx?

Oesophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucus in the stomach?

To protect the stomach lining from hydrochloric acid. Signup and view all the answers

How long is the small intestine approximately?

6.25 meters (20 feet) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is responsible for receiving bile and pancreatic juice?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme and how is it formed?

A mixture of food and gastric juice formed in the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?

To absorb digested nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

Absorption of simple molecules into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes assimilation in the context of digestion?

Utilizing absorbed nutrients by the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the steps in the digestion process?

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion Signup and view all the answers

Which digestive gland is primarily responsible for producing bile?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the large intestine from the small intestine?

The large intestine has a larger diameter and is shorter in length. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the digestive process?

To break down starch into maltose Signup and view all the answers

Where does the digestion of food begin in the human body?

In the buccal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for moistening and lubricating food in the mouth?

Mucus in saliva Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the longest part of the alimentary canal?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the J-shaped muscular bag that churns food into a fine paste during digestion?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of incisors?

Biting food Signup and view all the answers

How many types of teeth are present in a human mouth?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth are primarily responsible for grinding food?

Molars Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the arrangement and number of teeth in the buccal cavity?

Dentition Signup and view all the answers

At what age do permanent teeth start to replace milk teeth?

6 to 8 years Signup and view all the answers

How many total permanent teeth do adults typically have after the age of 18?

32 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tooth is typically absent in milk teeth?

Premolars Signup and view all the answers

What are the four molars that appear after the age of 18 called?

Wisdom teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of saliva in the digestive process?

To moisten food and assist in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing bile juice?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the large intestine?

1.5-1.8 meters Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymatic function is NOT associated with pancreatic juice?

Digesting cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the large intestine approximately?

6 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine contains the vermiform appendix?

Caecum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?

To lead to the anus for faeces expulsion Signup and view all the answers

What type of food does the caecum help digest, particularly in grass-eating mammals?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What role does hydrochloric acid play in digestion?

It activates pepsinogen and protects against bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile juice in the duodenum?

To neutralize stomach acid and emulsify fats. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing starches in the small intestine?

Pancreatic Amylase Signup and view all the answers

How does gastric digestion begin for proteins?

By pepsin breaking down protein into peptones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of intestinal juice in the ileum?

To complete digestion and absorb nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition & Food

Nutrients are chemical compounds that nourish the body
Food contains nutrients
Carbohydrates are primarily found in sugars, cereals, fruits, and vegetables
Fats are primarily found in butter, ghee, oils, and animal fats
Proteins are primarily found in milk, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, and beans
Vitamins are needed in small amounts and are not produced by the body
Minerals are needed in small amounts by the body
Dietary fibers are crucial for bowel movements and preventing constipation

Human Digestive System

Breaks down food
Consists of the alimentary canal and digestive glands
Alimentary canal is a 9-meter long tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
Digestive glands produce digestive juices and enzymes

Mouth & Buccal Cavity

First part of the alimentary canal
Contains teeth, tongue, and salivary glands
Lips assist in sipping and sucking liquids
Tongue is a fleshy muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth
Tongue contains taste buds
Tongue pushes food towards teeth
Tongue helps in swallowing and speaking
Salivary glands secrete saliva
Saliva moistens food, keeps the tongue moist, and contains salivary amylase

Pharynx

Funnel-shaped passage
Food moves through the esophagus
Air moves through the larynx and trachea

Esophagus (Foodpipe)

25 cm long muscular tube
Food slides down the esophagus by peristaltic movements
No digestion occurs in the esophagus

Stomach

J-shaped muscular bag located below the diaphragm
Stomach wall contains gastric glands
Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), mucus, pepsin, and rennin
HCl makes the food acidic
Pepsin digests proteins
Rennin aids in digesting milk protein
Mucus protects the stomach lining from HCl
Stomach stores food for 4-5 hours
Churns food into a fine pulp called chyme

Small Intestine

Longer than the large intestine but has a smaller diameter
Approximately 6.25 meters long
Consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Duodenum receives bile juice and pancreatic juice
Jejunum is about 2.5 meters long
Ileum is the longest part of the small intestine
The wall has numerous finger-like projections called villi that absorb digested food

Large Intestine

Approximately 1.5-1.8 meters long
Wider than the small intestine
Lies in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Consists of the caecum, colon, and rectum
Caecum is a small pouch with the vermiform appendix
Colon is divided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
Rectum is a tube that leads to the anus
The large intestine absorbs water and certain salts
Converts undigested food to faeces
Expels faeces from the body through the anus

Digestive Glands

Salivary glands secrete saliva
Liver produces bile juice that is stored in the gallbladder
Pancreas produces pancreatic juice that contains enzymes

Liver

Largest gland in the body
Located on the right side of the abdominal cavity
Weighs approximately 1.5 kg
Reddish-brown color
Produces bile juice

Pancreas

Located in a U-shaped loop of the duodenum
Pinkish in color
Produces pancreatic juice that digests sugars, fats, and proteins

Process of Nutrition

Consists of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion

Ingestion

Intake of food into the alimentary canal

Digestion

Breaking down complex food into simple soluble molecules
Begins in the buccal cavity
Food is chewed and masticated
Mucus in saliva moistens and lubricates
Salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose
No digestion occurs in the pharynx and esophagus

Digestion in the Stomach

Gastric juice and hydrochloric acid (HCl) aid in digestion
HCl activates pepsinogen and prorennin
Pepsin breaks down protein molecules
Rennin aids in digesting milk protein

Digestion in the Small Intestine

Partially digested food (chyme) enters the duodenum
Bile juice from the gallbladder neutralizes the acidity of chyme
Pancreatic juice from the pancreas digests fats, sugars, and proteins
Intestinal juice completes digestion and the intestinal wall absorbs the digested nutrients

Absorption

Process of taking simple molecules of digested food into the bloodstream

Assimilation

Utilization of absorbed nutrients by body cells

Egestion

Removal of undigested food as faeces

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Description

Test your knowledge on the essential nutrients and how they function in the human body. This quiz covers the digestive system's anatomy and the role of different food types. Prepare to explore the mouth and buccal cavity's functions and their importance in digestion.