Nutrition and Human Digestive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of teeth present in a full set of permanent teeth?

  • 24
  • 20
  • 28
  • 32 (correct)

    • At what age do milk teeth typically start to appear?

  • 6 months (correct)
  • 5 years
  • 3 years
  • 1 year

    • Which of the following types of teeth are absent in milk teeth?

  • Canines
  • Incisors
  • Molars
  • Premolars (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the tongue in the mouth?

    <p>To push food towards teeth for chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to milk teeth after they have served their purpose?

    <p>They fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are proteins primarily broken down into during digestion?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is produced by the body?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is essential for hemoglobin creation?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dietary fibers in nutrition?

    <p>Assist in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is primarily responsible for providing quick energy to the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in energy production between fats and carbohydrates?

    <p>Fats produce more energy per mole than carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is NOT a source of carbohydrates?

    <p>Fish liver oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components that make up fats?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of nutrients in the human body?

    <p>Nutrients nourish the body and are crucial for various bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the uvula in the digestive system?

    <p>To guard the opening of the trachea during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of peristalsis?

    <p>It is a wave of muscle contractions that pushes food down the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not occur in the esophagus during the digestive process?

    <p>Digestion of food particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the esophagus in humans?

    <p>25 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system follows the pharynx?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucus in the stomach?

    <p>To protect the stomach lining from hydrochloric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the small intestine approximately?

    <p>6.25 meters (20 feet)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is responsible for receiving bile and pancreatic juice?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chyme and how is it formed?

    <p>A mixture of food and gastric juice formed in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb digested nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

    <p>Absorption of simple molecules into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes assimilation in the context of digestion?

    <p>Utilizing absorbed nutrients by the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the steps in the digestion process?

    <p>Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digestive gland is primarily responsible for producing bile?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the large intestine from the small intestine?

    <p>The large intestine has a larger diameter and is shorter in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the digestive process?

    <p>To break down starch into maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the digestion of food begin in the human body?

    <p>In the buccal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for moistening and lubricating food in the mouth?

    <p>Mucus in saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the longest part of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the J-shaped muscular bag that churns food into a fine paste during digestion?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of incisors?

    <p>Biting food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of teeth are present in a human mouth?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are primarily responsible for grinding food?

    <p>Molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the arrangement and number of teeth in the buccal cavity?

    <p>Dentition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do permanent teeth start to replace milk teeth?

    <p>6 to 8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total permanent teeth do adults typically have after the age of 18?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tooth is typically absent in milk teeth?

    <p>Premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four molars that appear after the age of 18 called?

    <p>Wisdom teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of saliva in the digestive process?

    <p>To moisten food and assist in swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for producing bile juice?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the large intestine?

    <p>1.5-1.8 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymatic function is NOT associated with pancreatic juice?

    <p>Digesting cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the large intestine approximately?

    <p>6 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine contains the vermiform appendix?

    <p>Caecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?

    <p>To lead to the anus for faeces expulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food does the caecum help digest, particularly in grass-eating mammals?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does hydrochloric acid play in digestion?

    <p>It activates pepsinogen and protects against bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile juice in the duodenum?

    <p>To neutralize stomach acid and emulsify fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing starches in the small intestine?

    <p>Pancreatic Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gastric digestion begin for proteins?

    <p>By pepsin breaking down protein into peptones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of intestinal juice in the ileum?

    <p>To complete digestion and absorb nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition & Food

    • Nutrients are chemical compounds that nourish the body
    • Food contains nutrients
    • Carbohydrates are primarily found in sugars, cereals, fruits, and vegetables
    • Fats are primarily found in butter, ghee, oils, and animal fats
    • Proteins are primarily found in milk, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, and beans
    • Vitamins are needed in small amounts and are not produced by the body
    • Minerals are needed in small amounts by the body
    • Dietary fibers are crucial for bowel movements and preventing constipation

    Human Digestive System

    • Breaks down food
    • Consists of the alimentary canal and digestive glands
    • Alimentary canal is a 9-meter long tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
    • Digestive glands produce digestive juices and enzymes

    Mouth & Buccal Cavity

    • First part of the alimentary canal
    • Contains teeth, tongue, and salivary glands
    • Lips assist in sipping and sucking liquids
    • Tongue is a fleshy muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth
    • Tongue contains taste buds
    • Tongue pushes food towards teeth
    • Tongue helps in swallowing and speaking
    • Salivary glands secrete saliva
    • Saliva moistens food, keeps the tongue moist, and contains salivary amylase

    Pharynx

    • Funnel-shaped passage
    • Food moves through the esophagus
    • Air moves through the larynx and trachea

    Esophagus (Foodpipe)

    • 25 cm long muscular tube
    • Food slides down the esophagus by peristaltic movements
    • No digestion occurs in the esophagus

    Stomach

    • J-shaped muscular bag located below the diaphragm
    • Stomach wall contains gastric glands
    • Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), mucus, pepsin, and rennin
    • HCl makes the food acidic
    • Pepsin digests proteins
    • Rennin aids in digesting milk protein
    • Mucus protects the stomach lining from HCl
    • Stomach stores food for 4-5 hours
    • Churns food into a fine pulp called chyme

    Small Intestine

    • Longer than the large intestine but has a smaller diameter
    • Approximately 6.25 meters long
    • Consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
    • Duodenum receives bile juice and pancreatic juice
    • Jejunum is about 2.5 meters long
    • Ileum is the longest part of the small intestine
    • The wall has numerous finger-like projections called villi that absorb digested food

    Large Intestine

    • Approximately 1.5-1.8 meters long
    • Wider than the small intestine
    • Lies in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
    • Consists of the caecum, colon, and rectum
    • Caecum is a small pouch with the vermiform appendix
    • Colon is divided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
    • Rectum is a tube that leads to the anus
    • The large intestine absorbs water and certain salts
    • Converts undigested food to faeces
    • Expels faeces from the body through the anus

    Digestive Glands

    • Salivary glands secrete saliva
    • Liver produces bile juice that is stored in the gallbladder
    • Pancreas produces pancreatic juice that contains enzymes

    Liver

    • Largest gland in the body
    • Located on the right side of the abdominal cavity
    • Weighs approximately 1.5 kg
    • Reddish-brown color
    • Produces bile juice

    Pancreas

    • Located in a U-shaped loop of the duodenum
    • Pinkish in color
    • Produces pancreatic juice that digests sugars, fats, and proteins

    Process of Nutrition

    • Consists of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion

    Ingestion

    • Intake of food into the alimentary canal

    Digestion

    • Breaking down complex food into simple soluble molecules
    • Begins in the buccal cavity
    • Food is chewed and masticated
    • Mucus in saliva moistens and lubricates
    • Salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose
    • No digestion occurs in the pharynx and esophagus

    Digestion in the Stomach

    • Gastric juice and hydrochloric acid (HCl) aid in digestion
    • HCl activates pepsinogen and prorennin
    • Pepsin breaks down protein molecules
    • Rennin aids in digesting milk protein

    Digestion in the Small Intestine

    • Partially digested food (chyme) enters the duodenum
    • Bile juice from the gallbladder neutralizes the acidity of chyme
    • Pancreatic juice from the pancreas digests fats, sugars, and proteins
    • Intestinal juice completes digestion and the intestinal wall absorbs the digested nutrients

    Absorption

    • Process of taking simple molecules of digested food into the bloodstream

    Assimilation

    • Utilization of absorbed nutrients by body cells

    Egestion

    • Removal of undigested food as faeces

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential nutrients and how they function in the human body. This quiz covers the digestive system's anatomy and the role of different food types. Prepare to explore the mouth and buccal cavity's functions and their importance in digestion.

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