Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards

Emulsify fat

Lymphatic system

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<p>433</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practically all the foods contain mixtures of the energy yielding nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those that must be obtained from foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific discipline studying the interactions between genes, the environment, and nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical substances obtained from food used in the body for energy, structure, and regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foods and beverages a person consumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen; Fats: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen; Carbohydrates: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of heat energy; carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/gram and lipids provide 9 kcal/gram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ranges of intakes for energy nutrients that provide adequate energy and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average daily amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the U.S. and Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific function in half the healthy people of a given group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance and good health for an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates: 45-65%, Protein: 10-35%, Fats: 20-35%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart Disease, Diabetes, Cancer, Stroke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Protein, Dairy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diet-planning tools that categorize foods by their proportions of carbohydrates, fat, and protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reference values developed by the FDA for use on food labels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The percentage of a Daily Value recommendation found in a specified serving of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serving size, servings per container, calorie (kcal) information, and %DV information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You can consume a food that provides energy but no nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic: Contains Carbon; Inorganic: Lacks Carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RDA covers all of the bell-shaped curve for healthy people; EAR covers half of the curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ingredient list is important along with grams of sugar and fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient Claims: 'Fat Free'; Health Claims: 'Oatmeal lowers cholesterol'; Structure-function Claims: 'Probiotics improve health.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which food is broken down into absorbable units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uptake of nutrients by the cells of the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push contents along.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A slippery substance that protects cells from digestive juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical messengers secreted by glands in response to altered conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins found in digestive juices that break down food substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A portion or the amount of food swallowed at one time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The semiliquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure expressing a substance's acidity or alkalinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate, Bile, Gastric Juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conduit from the mouth to the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A muscular portion of the digestive tract that grinds and churns food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 10-foot length of intestine where major digestion and absorption occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gland that secretes digestive enzymes and juices into the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organ that manufactures bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores and concentrates bile before releasing it into the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lower portion of the intestine that completes the digestive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive juices contain water; it's crucial for moving food through the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folds and villi increase surface area for nutrient uptake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A healthy bacteria population supports GI health; hormones and nerves coordinate digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile increases fat absorption and serves as a route for excretion of bilirubin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive organs rely on the circulatory system for nutrient distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides and disaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides like starch, fiber, and glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides are single sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase, Lactase, Maltase, Sucrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequences of biochemical reactions that occur in living cells, mainly for energy exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate acid, ATP, and NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random: Below 11.1 mmol/l, Fasting: Below 6.1 mmol/l, 2 hours after eating: Below 7.8 mmol/l.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin lowers blood glucose; glucagon raises it by triggering glycogen breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide energy as the body's main source of fuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short term: Glycogen in the liver; Long term: Triglycerides in fat cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates are digested into their elementary forms along the gastrointestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include gas, bloating, indigestion, and diarrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes movement through the digestive system and increases stool bulk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Added sugars may increase the risk of chronic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of glucose absorption and level in the blood; associated with diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin lowers glucose; glucagon increases it, balancing blood levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 grams for women, 38 grams for men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fructose, Glucose, Galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fructose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45-65%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect stomach cells from gastric juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers