Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of bile?
What is the main function of bile?
Emulsify fat
After absorption, the larger fats and fat soluble vitamins are first released into the _______.
After absorption, the larger fats and fat soluble vitamins are first released into the _______.
Lymphatic system
How many calories do vitamins produce per gram?
How many calories do vitamins produce per gram?
0
How many K calories are provided by a food that contains 65 grams of carbohydrates, 14 grams of protein, and 13 grams of fat?
How many K calories are provided by a food that contains 65 grams of carbohydrates, 14 grams of protein, and 13 grams of fat?
What can you say to correct someone who always refers to meat as a protein?
What can you say to correct someone who always refers to meat as a protein?
All of the following contain mixtures of the energy nutrients except?
All of the following contain mixtures of the energy nutrients except?
What are essential nutrients?
What are essential nutrients?
What is nutrigenomics?
What is nutrigenomics?
What is the science of the nutrients in foods and their actions within the body?
What is the science of the nutrients in foods and their actions within the body?
Define malnutrition.
Define malnutrition.
What are foods?
What are foods?
What are nutrients?
What are nutrients?
What are essential nutrients?
What are essential nutrients?
What is a diet?
What is a diet?
What are the six classes of nutrients?
What are the six classes of nutrients?
List the building blocks of energy-yielding nutrients.
List the building blocks of energy-yielding nutrients.
Define kilocalorie (kcal) and the energy it provides.
Define kilocalorie (kcal) and the energy it provides.
What does AMDR stand for?
What does AMDR stand for?
Define AI in relation to nutrient intake.
Define AI in relation to nutrient intake.
Define DRI.
Define DRI.
What does EAR stand for?
What does EAR stand for?
Define EER.
Define EER.
What does UL stand for?
What does UL stand for?
Recall the AMDR's for carbohydrates, protein, and lipids.
Recall the AMDR's for carbohydrates, protein, and lipids.
Name at least three chronic diseases with a strong nutritional component.
Name at least three chronic diseases with a strong nutritional component.
List the USDA's five major food groups.
List the USDA's five major food groups.
Define nutrient density.
Define nutrient density.
What are Exchange Lists?
What are Exchange Lists?
What is Daily Value?
What is Daily Value?
What is Daily Value %?
What is Daily Value %?
List the components of the nutritional facts panel.
List the components of the nutritional facts panel.
Explain how a nutrient differs from a food.
Explain how a nutrient differs from a food.
Describe the difference between organic and inorganic molecules.
Describe the difference between organic and inorganic molecules.
Discuss the use of a bell-shaped curve to help identify DRI values.
Discuss the use of a bell-shaped curve to help identify DRI values.
Utilize the information found on the nutrition facts panel to assess food quality.
Utilize the information found on the nutrition facts panel to assess food quality.
Explain the differences between nutrient claims, health claims, and structure-function claims on food labels.
Explain the differences between nutrient claims, health claims, and structure-function claims on food labels.
What is digestion?
What is digestion?
What is absorption?
What is absorption?
What is peristalsis?
What is peristalsis?
What is mucus?
What is mucus?
What are hormones?
What are hormones?
What are digestive enzymes?
What are digestive enzymes?
Define bolus.
Define bolus.
What is chyme?
What is chyme?
What is pH?
What is pH?
List the chemicals involved in the digestion process.
List the chemicals involved in the digestion process.
What is the esophagus?
What is the esophagus?
What is the stomach?
What is the stomach?
What is the small intestine?
What is the small intestine?
Define pancreas.
Define pancreas.
What is the liver's function?
What is the liver's function?
What does the gallbladder do?
What does the gallbladder do?
What is the large intestine?
What is the large intestine?
Describe the importance of water in digestion.
Describe the importance of water in digestion.
How do intestinal cells facilitate nutrient absorption?
How do intestinal cells facilitate nutrient absorption?
How do bacteria, hormones, and nerves influence GI health?
How do bacteria, hormones, and nerves influence GI health?
Why is bile required for lipid digestion?
Why is bile required for lipid digestion?
Discuss the relationship between digestive and cardiovascular systems.
Discuss the relationship between digestive and cardiovascular systems.
What are simple carbohydrates?
What are simple carbohydrates?
What are complex carbohydrates?
What are complex carbohydrates?
Define monosaccharides and provide examples.
Define monosaccharides and provide examples.
What enzymes are involved in the digestion of starch?
What enzymes are involved in the digestion of starch?
What is metabolic pathway?
What is metabolic pathway?
What are the end products of glycolysis?
What are the end products of glycolysis?
What is the normal blood glucose concentration for a healthy adult?
What is the normal blood glucose concentration for a healthy adult?
Explain the role of insulin and glucagon.
Explain the role of insulin and glucagon.
What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in the diet?
What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in the diet?
Discuss carbohydrate storage.
Discuss carbohydrate storage.
Summarize carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Summarize carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Describe lactose intolerance symptoms.
Describe lactose intolerance symptoms.
What are the benefits of dietary fiber?
What are the benefits of dietary fiber?
What are the negative effects of consuming sugars?
What are the negative effects of consuming sugars?
Explain glycemic response.
Explain glycemic response.
How do insulin and glucagon maintain glucose concentration?
How do insulin and glucagon maintain glucose concentration?
What are the recommendations for fiber intake?
What are the recommendations for fiber intake?
Name three important monosaccharides in nutrition.
Name three important monosaccharides in nutrition.
What is the principal carbohydrate used to sweeten homemade iced tea?
What is the principal carbohydrate used to sweeten homemade iced tea?
Carbohydrates should contribute approximately what percentage of total daily energy intake?
Carbohydrates should contribute approximately what percentage of total daily energy intake?
Give an example of a polysaccharide.
Give an example of a polysaccharide.
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and gums?
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and gums?
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
The _________ is formed in the mouth.
The _________ is formed in the mouth.
Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?
Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?
Study Notes
Nutrition Basics
- Nutrition is the science of nutrients in foods and their bodily functions, encompassing human behaviors regarding food.
- Malnutrition refers to conditions resulting from excess or inadequate nutrient intake.
- Foods are plant or animal products that provide energy and nutrients for life maintenance, growth, and tissue repair.
- Nutrients are substances from food that provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents for bodily functions; they may help prevent diseases.
Types of Nutrients
- Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by the body; about 40 are essential for humans.
- The six classes of nutrients are Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins (energy-yielding), Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.
- Nutrient density measures the nutrient content relative to energy; high nutrient density means more nutrients and fewer calories.
Energy and Measurement
- A kilocalorie (kcal) measures heat energy, with carbohydrates and proteins providing 4 kcal/g and lipids 9 kcal/g.
- Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for carbohydrates: 45-65%, proteins: 10-35%, and fats: 20-35%.
Dietary Guidelines and Claims
- Daily Values (DV) are FDA reference values for food labels; %DV shows nutrient content based on a 2000-kcal diet.
- Nutrient claims indicate food nutrient content, health claims relate to disease prevention, and structure-function claims highlight nutrient impacts on bodily processes.
Digestive System Overview
- Digestion is the process of breaking down food into absorbable units; absorption is the uptake of nutrients for transport.
- Peristalsis are muscular contractions pushing contents along the GI tract. Mucus protects GI lining from digestive juices.
Hormonal Regulation
- Hormones like insulin (lowers blood glucose) and glucagon (raises blood glucose) regulate energy balance and metabolism.
- Insulin is released when glucose is high, promoting glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis; glucagon is triggered when glucose is low, breaking down glycogen.
Carbohydrates and Their Functions
- Carbohydrates serve primarily as energy sources, with two categories: simple (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and complex (polysaccharides).
- Lactose intolerance arises from lactose digestion issues, leading to symptoms like bloating and gas; treated with lactase supplements or dairy alternatives.
Nutritional Assessment and Intake
- Nutritional assessment uses dietary intake data, including recommended daily allowances (RDA), adequate intakes (AI), and estimated average requirements (EAR) to evaluate diet.
- Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in digestive health, promoting movement through the digestive system and improving stool bulk.
Digestion and Nutrient Absorption
- Digestive enzymes like amylase, lactase, maltase, and sucrase break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars; secreted by organs like the pancreas and intestines.
- Bile is essential for emulsifying fats, aiding in lipid digestion and absorption; it is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Health Implications and Recommendations
- Chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer have strong nutritional components.
- Recommendations include 25 grams of fiber for women and 38 grams for men, with a focus on whole grains and varied food groups for optimal health.
Special Topics
- Nutrigenomics studies the interactions between genes, the environment, and nutrition, indicating that diet can influence gene expression.
- Most foods contain mixtures of energy-yielding nutrients, countering the misconception that certain foods are purely one nutrient type (e.g., meat is not solely protein).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on key nutrition concepts with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential terms like nutrition, malnutrition, and types of foods. Perfect for students preparing for their nutrition exam!
