Nutrition and Diet Therapy (NCM 105)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates (correct)
  • Energy production
  • Digestive enzyme storage
  • Protein synthesis

    • What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

  • Digestion of cellular debris
  • Synthesis of carbohydrates
  • Energy production
  • Protein synthesis (correct)

    • Which statement accurately describes the Golgi apparatus?

  • Contains ribosomes for protein synthesis
  • Packages materials for secretion from the cell (correct)
  • Bound to the nucleus
  • Produces ATP for energy

    • What is the primary function of mitochondria?

    <p>ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by lysosomes?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrioles during cell division?

    <p>Organizing spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of lysosomes?

    <p>Contain 36 powerful enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cell are smooth endoplasmic reticulum most abundant?

    <p>Cells synthesizing steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva in the mouth during digestion?

    <p>To mix, lubricate, and break down food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system connects the pharynx to the stomach?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epiglottis in the digestive system?

    <p>It prevents food from entering the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the rhythmic contractions that move the bolus through the esophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ secretes acid and enzymes for the digestion of food?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bolus in the context of digestion?

    <p>A small ball of chewed food mixed with saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cell membrane primarily consist of?

    <p>Lipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stomach maintain its acidic environment?

    <p>Through the secretion of hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

    <p>To pass food to the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one role of membrane proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>To act as receptors for hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytoplasm primarily composed of?

    <p>Water, minerals, gases, and organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic indicates that the eyes of a fish are healthy?

    <p>Eyes are full and bright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a hydrophobic core in a cell membrane do?

    <p>Retains water-soluble substances inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cell organelles operate within a cell?

    <p>Each has its own membrane and definite function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT associated with healthy fish?

    <p>The odor is unpleasant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal form of carbohydrates used by the body?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total energy allowance do carbohydrates typically constitute?

    <p>50-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate requires no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients has the highest caloric value per gram?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage range of total energy allowance is typically recommended for fats?

    <p>20-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity level corresponds to 60-70% of total energy expenditure?

    <p>Moderate Activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

    <p>The amount of energy required for life processes at rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for a BMR test?

    <p>The subject must be recently fed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For adult males, what is the estimated BMR per kilogram per hour?

    <p>1.0 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What variable does the Harris-Benedict Formula use to calculate REE?

    <p>Height, weight, age, and sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

    <p>Body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women generally have a lower metabolic rate than men?

    <p>Women have higher fat content and less muscle development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the metabolic rate during periods of rapid growth?

    <p>It increases significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for estimating REE for adult females according to the Harris-Benedict Formula?

    <p>REE = 665 + [9.6 x wt (kg)] + [1.8 x ht (cm)] - [4.7 x age (yr)]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromoproteins primarily composed of?

    <p>Protein and non-protein pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a metalloprotein?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the linkage formed between amino acids?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes essential amino acids?

    <p>Must be obtained from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes complete proteins?

    <p>Contain all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is initially produced in the stomach for protein digestion?

    <p>Pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rennin in protein digestion in infants?

    <p>Converts casein into coagulated curd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during the early stages of protein breakdown?

    <p>Peptones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition and Diet Therapy (NCM 105)

    • Nutrition is a discipline focused on improving health through diet knowledge
    • Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
    • Illness is a deviation from normal bodily function, perceived physiologically and psychologically
    • A hospitalized patient must adapt to the hospital environment, food service, personal routine, immobility, and atmosphere
    • Nutrition is the study of food's relationship to health
    • Food nourishes, builds tissues, repairs tissues, provides energy, and regulates body processes
    • Nutritional status is the body's condition resulting from nutrient intake and utilization
    • Malnutrition is the state of impaired biologic activity due to an imbalance of nutrient intake

    Food

    • Food nourishes, builds tissues, repairs, supplies energy, and regulates body processes
    • Food contains nutrients needed for life maintenance, growth, and repair
    • Food supplies energy to maintain life

    Nutritional Status/Nutritiure

    • Nutritional status describes the body's condition resulting from nutrient consumption and utilization

    Malnutrition

    • It concerns an imbalance between nutrient intake and need
    • Underconsumption or overconsumption of essential nutrients or energy can result in malnutrition
    • Malnutrition impacts bodily functions and development

    Functions of Nutrition

    • Maintaining optimal health by enabling growth and development
    • Basic function is to allow an individual to grow and maintain optimum health

    Reasons Why Nutritional Science is Applied to Nursing Care

    • Recognizing nutrition's role in preventing or managing disease and illness
    • Adapting individual dietary patterns to ensure nutritional needs
    • Considering cultural contexts in nutritional care

    Setting Up a Tray

    • Trays in a hospital setting (standard 8x12) include a base liner for aesthetic purposes
    • Plates for rice and vegetables, soup, desserts, and a glass for drinks
    • Utensils (fork, knife, spoon)
    • Cups and saucers are provided.

    Laboratory Procedure

    • Specific guidelines for laboratory practices need to be followed
    • Proper attire including lab gown, hairnet or hair cap, and closed-toe shoes must be worn
    • Clean hands and arms before and after each activity
    • Remove jewelry like rings, bracelets, and watches

    ABCs of Food Preparation

    • Getting food ready for cooking (measuring, chopping, slicing, coring, peeling) is equally vital as cooking itself
    • Precise measuring techniques for dry and wet ingredients
    • Proper techniques for peeling fruits and vegetables
    • Various cutting techniques and knife skills are essential in food preparation

    Tips for Purchasing

    • Select whole-grain foods and cereals over refined options
    • Choose fresh produce whenever possible, as fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables provide more vitamins compared to canned options
    • Consider nutrient content and the appropriate time to buy food items

    How to Buy Vegetables and Fruits

    • Select firm, fresh produce without signs of decay or damage
    • Properly evaluate texture and appearance before making a purchase decision

    Weight/Measure Equivalents of Different Units

    • Various units like cups, pints, quarts, teaspoons, tablespoons, etc. as well as grams, ounces, pounds are presented

    Human Cell Anatomy

    • Cells are composed of various organelles with specific functions
    • The cytoplasm is a water-based solution inside the cell where various metabolic functions occur
    • Cell components like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum have critical roles in the cell's overall function
    • The nucleus is the control center containing the cell's genetic material (DNA)
    • Different structures like cilia and flagella aid in cell mobility and transport of materials across the cell membrane

    Digestion

    • The body breaks down complex food substances into simpler units and absorbs nutrients using a multi-step process involving mechanical and enzymatic actions
    • Digestion involves breaking down complex foodstuffs into smaller units in the digestive tract
    • The digestive system is responsible for transporting absorbed nutrients into the body

    Digestive System Parts

    • The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are crucial for digestion
    • The digestive tract starts at the mouth and leads to the anus
    • The throat helps transport food from the mouth to the esophagus
    • The esophagus transfers food into the stomach
    • The stomach is responsible for mixing and breaking down ingested food
    • Essential organs for nutrient breakdown and digestion are introduced; along with their functions
    • Chyme is the semiliquid mass of partially digested food in the stomach

    Physiological Value of Food

    • Food provides energy, builds tissues, and regulates body functions
    • Foods are categorized based on the nutrients they deliver

    Metabolism

    • The biochemical process where the body transforms food into tissue and generates energy, heat, and essential processes
    • This transformation plays a vital role in the body's maintenance and functioning

    Energy

    • The body requires energy for various tasks
    • Certain foodstuffs, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, are essential sources of energy
    • Essential nutrients in terms of energy yield are introduced

    Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

    • Represents the minimum energy needed for body functions while resting
    • Factors like age, gender, and body composition influence BMR
    • Metabolic rate (BMR) is computed based on these factors

    Factors That Affect BMR

    • Factors such as body surface area, gender, age, body composition, nutritional state, and certain illnesses influence energy needs
    • Energy usage is affected by whether an individual is doing physical activity or staying relaxed
    • Varying activities have different energy requirements

    Classification of Carbohydrates

    • Simple sugars, double sugars (disaccharides), and complex sugars (polysaccharides) are explained
    • Simple sugars function as a main source of energy
    • Various types of sugars are presented

    Classification of Proteins

    • Proteins function in cell construction, repair, and bodily processes.
    • Proteins like albumin, globulin, and others are examples
    • Proteins form the structural foundation of the human body and are essential for its functions

    Forms of PEM

    • Severe lack of protein and energy intake results in two forms of PEM (protein-energy malnutrition), Marasmus and Kwashiorkor;
    • Differentiating characteristics of each type are elaborated

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    Nutrition And Diet Therapy (NCM 105) Midterm Reviewer PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of nutrition and diet therapy in this quiz designed for NCM 105 students. Understand the relationship between food and health, along with the implications of malnutrition and nutritional status. Test your knowledge on how nutrition impacts overall well-being and recovery in a hospital setting.

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