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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
Which statement accurately describes the Golgi apparatus?
Which statement accurately describes the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
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Which function is NOT performed by lysosomes?
Which function is NOT performed by lysosomes?
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What is the role of centrioles during cell division?
What is the role of centrioles during cell division?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of lysosomes?
Which of the following is a characteristic of lysosomes?
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In which type of cell are smooth endoplasmic reticulum most abundant?
In which type of cell are smooth endoplasmic reticulum most abundant?
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What is the primary function of saliva in the mouth during digestion?
What is the primary function of saliva in the mouth during digestion?
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Which part of the digestive system connects the pharynx to the stomach?
Which part of the digestive system connects the pharynx to the stomach?
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What is the role of the epiglottis in the digestive system?
What is the role of the epiglottis in the digestive system?
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What process describes the rhythmic contractions that move the bolus through the esophagus?
What process describes the rhythmic contractions that move the bolus through the esophagus?
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Which organ secretes acid and enzymes for the digestion of food?
Which organ secretes acid and enzymes for the digestion of food?
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What is a bolus in the context of digestion?
What is a bolus in the context of digestion?
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What does the cell membrane primarily consist of?
What does the cell membrane primarily consist of?
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How does the stomach maintain its acidic environment?
How does the stomach maintain its acidic environment?
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What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?
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What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is one role of membrane proteins in the cell membrane?
What is one role of membrane proteins in the cell membrane?
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What is cytoplasm primarily composed of?
What is cytoplasm primarily composed of?
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What characteristic indicates that the eyes of a fish are healthy?
What characteristic indicates that the eyes of a fish are healthy?
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What does a hydrophobic core in a cell membrane do?
What does a hydrophobic core in a cell membrane do?
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How do cell organelles operate within a cell?
How do cell organelles operate within a cell?
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Which feature is NOT associated with healthy fish?
Which feature is NOT associated with healthy fish?
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What is the principal form of carbohydrates used by the body?
What is the principal form of carbohydrates used by the body?
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What percentage of total energy allowance do carbohydrates typically constitute?
What percentage of total energy allowance do carbohydrates typically constitute?
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What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
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Which type of carbohydrate requires no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
Which type of carbohydrate requires no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
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What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
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Which of the following nutrients has the highest caloric value per gram?
Which of the following nutrients has the highest caloric value per gram?
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What percentage range of total energy allowance is typically recommended for fats?
What percentage range of total energy allowance is typically recommended for fats?
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Which activity level corresponds to 60-70% of total energy expenditure?
Which activity level corresponds to 60-70% of total energy expenditure?
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What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
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Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for a BMR test?
Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for a BMR test?
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For adult males, what is the estimated BMR per kilogram per hour?
For adult males, what is the estimated BMR per kilogram per hour?
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What variable does the Harris-Benedict Formula use to calculate REE?
What variable does the Harris-Benedict Formula use to calculate REE?
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Which factor does NOT affect the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
Which factor does NOT affect the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
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Why do women generally have a lower metabolic rate than men?
Why do women generally have a lower metabolic rate than men?
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What happens to the metabolic rate during periods of rapid growth?
What happens to the metabolic rate during periods of rapid growth?
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What is the formula for estimating REE for adult females according to the Harris-Benedict Formula?
What is the formula for estimating REE for adult females according to the Harris-Benedict Formula?
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What are chromoproteins primarily composed of?
What are chromoproteins primarily composed of?
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Which of the following is classified as a metalloprotein?
Which of the following is classified as a metalloprotein?
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What term describes the linkage formed between amino acids?
What term describes the linkage formed between amino acids?
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Which of the following describes essential amino acids?
Which of the following describes essential amino acids?
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What characterizes complete proteins?
What characterizes complete proteins?
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What enzyme is initially produced in the stomach for protein digestion?
What enzyme is initially produced in the stomach for protein digestion?
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What is the role of rennin in protein digestion in infants?
What is the role of rennin in protein digestion in infants?
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What is produced during the early stages of protein breakdown?
What is produced during the early stages of protein breakdown?
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Study Notes
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (NCM 105)
- Nutrition is a discipline focused on improving health through diet knowledge
- Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
- Illness is a deviation from normal bodily function, perceived physiologically and psychologically
- A hospitalized patient must adapt to the hospital environment, food service, personal routine, immobility, and atmosphere
- Nutrition is the study of food's relationship to health
- Food nourishes, builds tissues, repairs tissues, provides energy, and regulates body processes
- Nutritional status is the body's condition resulting from nutrient intake and utilization
- Malnutrition is the state of impaired biologic activity due to an imbalance of nutrient intake
Food
- Food nourishes, builds tissues, repairs, supplies energy, and regulates body processes
- Food contains nutrients needed for life maintenance, growth, and repair
- Food supplies energy to maintain life
Nutritional Status/Nutritiure
- Nutritional status describes the body's condition resulting from nutrient consumption and utilization
Malnutrition
- It concerns an imbalance between nutrient intake and need
- Underconsumption or overconsumption of essential nutrients or energy can result in malnutrition
- Malnutrition impacts bodily functions and development
Functions of Nutrition
- Maintaining optimal health by enabling growth and development
- Basic function is to allow an individual to grow and maintain optimum health
Reasons Why Nutritional Science is Applied to Nursing Care
- Recognizing nutrition's role in preventing or managing disease and illness
- Adapting individual dietary patterns to ensure nutritional needs
- Considering cultural contexts in nutritional care
Setting Up a Tray
- Trays in a hospital setting (standard 8x12) include a base liner for aesthetic purposes
- Plates for rice and vegetables, soup, desserts, and a glass for drinks
- Utensils (fork, knife, spoon)
- Cups and saucers are provided.
Laboratory Procedure
- Specific guidelines for laboratory practices need to be followed
- Proper attire including lab gown, hairnet or hair cap, and closed-toe shoes must be worn
- Clean hands and arms before and after each activity
- Remove jewelry like rings, bracelets, and watches
ABCs of Food Preparation
- Getting food ready for cooking (measuring, chopping, slicing, coring, peeling) is equally vital as cooking itself
- Precise measuring techniques for dry and wet ingredients
- Proper techniques for peeling fruits and vegetables
- Various cutting techniques and knife skills are essential in food preparation
Tips for Purchasing
- Select whole-grain foods and cereals over refined options
- Choose fresh produce whenever possible, as fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables provide more vitamins compared to canned options
- Consider nutrient content and the appropriate time to buy food items
How to Buy Vegetables and Fruits
- Select firm, fresh produce without signs of decay or damage
- Properly evaluate texture and appearance before making a purchase decision
Weight/Measure Equivalents of Different Units
- Various units like cups, pints, quarts, teaspoons, tablespoons, etc. as well as grams, ounces, pounds are presented
Human Cell Anatomy
- Cells are composed of various organelles with specific functions
- The cytoplasm is a water-based solution inside the cell where various metabolic functions occur
- Cell components like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum have critical roles in the cell's overall function
- The nucleus is the control center containing the cell's genetic material (DNA)
- Different structures like cilia and flagella aid in cell mobility and transport of materials across the cell membrane
Digestion
- The body breaks down complex food substances into simpler units and absorbs nutrients using a multi-step process involving mechanical and enzymatic actions
- Digestion involves breaking down complex foodstuffs into smaller units in the digestive tract
- The digestive system is responsible for transporting absorbed nutrients into the body
Digestive System Parts
- The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are crucial for digestion
- The digestive tract starts at the mouth and leads to the anus
- The throat helps transport food from the mouth to the esophagus
- The esophagus transfers food into the stomach
- The stomach is responsible for mixing and breaking down ingested food
- Essential organs for nutrient breakdown and digestion are introduced; along with their functions
- Chyme is the semiliquid mass of partially digested food in the stomach
Physiological Value of Food
- Food provides energy, builds tissues, and regulates body functions
- Foods are categorized based on the nutrients they deliver
Metabolism
- The biochemical process where the body transforms food into tissue and generates energy, heat, and essential processes
- This transformation plays a vital role in the body's maintenance and functioning
Energy
- The body requires energy for various tasks
- Certain foodstuffs, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, are essential sources of energy
- Essential nutrients in terms of energy yield are introduced
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- Represents the minimum energy needed for body functions while resting
- Factors like age, gender, and body composition influence BMR
- Metabolic rate (BMR) is computed based on these factors
Factors That Affect BMR
- Factors such as body surface area, gender, age, body composition, nutritional state, and certain illnesses influence energy needs
- Energy usage is affected by whether an individual is doing physical activity or staying relaxed
- Varying activities have different energy requirements
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Simple sugars, double sugars (disaccharides), and complex sugars (polysaccharides) are explained
- Simple sugars function as a main source of energy
- Various types of sugars are presented
Classification of Proteins
- Proteins function in cell construction, repair, and bodily processes.
- Proteins like albumin, globulin, and others are examples
- Proteins form the structural foundation of the human body and are essential for its functions
Forms of PEM
- Severe lack of protein and energy intake results in two forms of PEM (protein-energy malnutrition), Marasmus and Kwashiorkor;
- Differentiating characteristics of each type are elaborated
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of nutrition and diet therapy in this quiz designed for NCM 105 students. Understand the relationship between food and health, along with the implications of malnutrition and nutritional status. Test your knowledge on how nutrition impacts overall well-being and recovery in a hospital setting.
