Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is basal metabolism?
What is basal metabolism?
- Amount of calories in one pound of fat
- Sum of involuntary activities necessary to sustain life (correct)
- Energy used in physical activities
- Calories burned during digestion
How many calories are in one pound of fat?
How many calories are in one pound of fat?
3500 calories
What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
The rate at which the body uses energy to support its basal metabolism
Define central obesity.
Define central obesity.
What is subcutaneous fat?
What is subcutaneous fat?
What are adipokines?
What are adipokines?
What is visceral fat?
What is visceral fat?
What weight presents a health risk?
What weight presents a health risk?
What is adipose tissue?
What is adipose tissue?
Define body composition.
Define body composition.
What is obesity defined as?
What is obesity defined as?
What percent of the U.S. population is considered overweight?
What percent of the U.S. population is considered overweight?
What does wasting refer to?
What does wasting refer to?
Why is weight important for underweight individuals?
Why is weight important for underweight individuals?
What are some risks of central obesity? (Select all that apply)
What are some risks of central obesity? (Select all that apply)
How much is spent annually on obesity-related healthcare?
How much is spent annually on obesity-related healthcare?
What are three indicators of obesity?
What are three indicators of obesity?
What is leptin?
What is leptin?
What are endorphins?
What are endorphins?
What is the balance of adipokines?
What is the balance of adipokines?
What are Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)?
What are Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)?
What percentage of women in the U.S. are trying to lose weight?
What percentage of women in the U.S. are trying to lose weight?
What is an unbalanced energy budget?
What is an unbalanced energy budget?
What is the thermic effect of food?
What is the thermic effect of food?
What is ideal body fat in men age 40 and younger?
What is ideal body fat in men age 40 and younger?
What techniques can estimate body fat? (Select all that apply)
What techniques can estimate body fat? (Select all that apply)
What are the two major ways the body spends energy?
What are the two major ways the body spends energy?
What is ghrelin?
What is ghrelin?
How do the digestive tract and brain communicate?
How do the digestive tract and brain communicate?
What are the stages of the hunger, appetite, satiation, and satiety cycle? (Select all that apply)
What are the stages of the hunger, appetite, satiation, and satiety cycle? (Select all that apply)
What influences hunger physiologically? (Select all that apply)
What influences hunger physiologically? (Select all that apply)
What factors are included in sensory influences on appetite? (Select all that apply)
What factors are included in sensory influences on appetite? (Select all that apply)
When does satiation end a meal?
When does satiation end a meal?
What does adipokine leptin do?
What does adipokine leptin do?
What is extreme obesity defined as?
What is extreme obesity defined as?
How many people in the U.S. suffer from eating disorders?
How many people in the U.S. suffer from eating disorders?
When do eating disorders typically start?
When do eating disorders typically start?
What is the female athlete triad?
What is the female athlete triad?
What is an emetic?
What is an emetic?
What is the cycle of an eating disorder?
What is the cycle of an eating disorder?
What characterizes binge eating?
What characterizes binge eating?
What are some ways to maintain weight loss?
What are some ways to maintain weight loss?
What is brown adipose tissue (BAT)?
What is brown adipose tissue (BAT)?
What is thermogenesis?
What is thermogenesis?
What is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?
What is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?
What are some external cues that can lead to overeating? (Select all that apply)
What are some external cues that can lead to overeating? (Select all that apply)
What are ketone bodies?
What are ketone bodies?
How do you calculate BMI?
How do you calculate BMI?
What is the BMI classification for underweight adults?
What is the BMI classification for underweight adults?
What is the BMI classification for overweight adults?
What is the BMI classification for overweight adults?
What is the BMI classification for obesity?
What is the BMI classification for obesity?
Study Notes
Metabolism and Energy
- Basal metabolism encompasses involuntary activities required for life, excluding digestion and voluntary actions; constitutes the largest part of daily energy expenditure.
- The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures energy use for basal metabolism.
- One pound of body fat equals approximately 3500 calories.
Fat Distribution
- Central obesity refers to excess fat around the trunk, increasing health risks.
- Subcutaneous fat lies beneath the skin, aiding heat conservation.
- Visceral fat is located within the abdominal cavity, affecting internal organs.
Health Risks and Statistics
- Both overweight and underweight individuals face health risks.
- An estimated 66% of the U.S. population is overweight.
- Central obesity heightens risks for diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and certain cancers.
- The U.S. spends around $147 billion annually on obesity-related healthcare.
Body Composition and Obesity
- Body composition reflects the proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissues.
- Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher.
- Three indicators of obesity include BMI, waist circumference, and disease risk profile.
- Ideal body fat percentages vary: 22% for men under 40, 25% for men over 40; 32% for women under 40, 35% for women over 40.
Hormonal Regulation
- Adipokines are protein hormones from fat tissue that regulate inflammation and metabolism.
- Leptin signals appetite reduction and increased energy expenditure.
- Ghrelin, produced in the stomach, stimulates hunger.
Eating Behavior
- The hunger, appetite, satiation, and satiety cycle involves signals that drive food-seeking behavior and control eating.
- Cognitive and sensory influences on appetite include social factors, time of day, and food availability.
- Satiation signals meal termination, facilitated by the nervous system's hormonal signals.
Energy Balance and Weight Management
- An unbalanced energy budget occurs when intake exceeds or falls below energy expenditure.
- Maintaining weight loss involves regular physical activity, weekly weight monitoring, and consistent lower-calorie diets.
Eating Disorders
- Approximately 5 million people in the U.S. suffer from anorexia and bulimia, with 85% of cases starting during adolescence.
- The female athlete triad includes disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.
- Binge eating is characterized by loss of control during eating episodes.
Thermogenesis and Fat Types
- Brown adipose tissue is involved in thermogenesis, particularly in infants and hibernating animals.
- Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) accounts for energy spent on spontaneous daily actions.
Weight Categories
- Underweight individuals have a BMI of less than 18.5.
- Overweight adults have a BMI between 25 and 29, while obesity is indicated by a BMI of 30 or greater.
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Description
Explore essential concepts from Nutrition Chapter 9 with these flashcards. Learn key definitions and terms related to metabolism and energy balance. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of nutritional science.
