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Questions and Answers
Digestible energy refers to the portion of gross energy of feed digested and absorbed into the body of animals.
Digestible energy refers to the portion of gross energy of feed digested and absorbed into the body of animals.
True
Haylage is a high moisture silage.
Haylage is a high moisture silage.
False
Crude protein is obtained by multiplying nitrogen % with factor 7.38.
Crude protein is obtained by multiplying nitrogen % with factor 7.38.
False
Feed block is a block of feedstuff left on pastures for cattle to lick at will.
Feed block is a block of feedstuff left on pastures for cattle to lick at will.
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Fecal energy represents the energy lost through urine.
Fecal energy represents the energy lost through urine.
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Ensilage is the process of preserving green forage by drying it.
Ensilage is the process of preserving green forage by drying it.
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Dry matter feed contains water along with carbohydrates, protein, crude fat, and ash.
Dry matter feed contains water along with carbohydrates, protein, crude fat, and ash.
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Creep feed is a system of feeding adult animals before weaning.
Creep feed is a system of feeding adult animals before weaning.
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Mixed grazing refers to when two or more species of livestock graze separately.
Mixed grazing refers to when two or more species of livestock graze separately.
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Ether extract measures the carbohydrate content of feed.
Ether extract measures the carbohydrate content of feed.
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Study Notes
Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR)
- BMR is a measure of an animal's metabolic rate when it is quiet, not stressed, and not active.
- BMR refers to the amount of energy an animal needs to maintain homeostasis.
Characteristics of BMR
- Basal metabolism is the result of chemical changes in an animal's cells in a fasting and resting state, using just enough energy to maintain vital cellular activity, respiration, and circulation.
Measuring Energy Metabolism
- There are two ways to measure energy metabolism: direct calorimetry, which measures heat produced directly by an animal, and indirect methods.
Growth
- Growth is an increase in size of muscles, bones, internal organs, and other body parts.
- Growth requires energy from carbohydrates and fats in an animal's diet.
- Growth is measured as an increase in body weight.
- Growth is most rapid early in life, declines gradually until puberty, and then slows until mature size is reached.
Requirements for Growth
- Requirements for growth are determined by actual weight, average daily gain (growth rate), weight at maturity, and composition of gain.
- Composition of gain refers to whether an animal is putting on more muscle or fat.
Paddock Grazing
- Paddock grazing is a system of dividing pasture into paddocks and grazing cattle rotationally.
Nutrient Requirements
- Nutrient requirements include maintenance, growth, and production.
- Maintenance requirements vary depending on factors such as weight, age, breed, physiological status, activity, and environmental conditions.
Fasting Catabolism
- Fasting catabolism is a process in which an animal, getting no feed, doing no external work, or yielding any product, is still carrying out vital processes.
Feed-Related Terms
- Bran: the husk of cereal containing 12% DCP and 67% TDN, rich in phosphorus, and acts as a laxative feed.
- Complete ration: a mixture of forage and grain in one feed.
- Creep feed: a system of feeding young animals before weaning.
- Crude protein: the total protein obtained by multiplying nitrogen % with factor 6.38.
- Digestible crude protein: the common way of expressing the protein values and requirements of ruminants obtained by multiplying the digestible coefficient of protein with CP.
- Digestible energy: the portion of gross energy of feed digested and absorbed into the body of animals.
- Dry matter: feed without water containing carbohydrates, protein, crude fat, and ash.
- Ensilage: a green forage preserved by fermentation in a silo.
- Ether extract: a measure of the lipid content of feed containing plant pigments, fat, oil, fatty acid, waxes, etc.
- Fecal energy: the good energy lost through feces.
- Feed block: a block of feedstuff left on pastures, especially in hilly areas for sheep to lick at will.
- Feeding standard: a table showing the amount of nutrients required for various needs of animals.
- Hay: green forage cut, dried to the extent that moisture remains below 18% and conserved.
- Hay sel – hay making season.
- Haylage: low moisture silage.
- Mixed grazing: when 2 or more species of livestock graze together.
- Nutritive value: (TDN-DCP)/DCP.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR), which is a measure of an animal's metabolic rate in a resting state. Learn about the amount of energy needed to maintain homeostasis and the chemical changes that occur in cells during fasting and rest.
