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Questions and Answers
Digestible energy refers to the portion of gross energy of feed digested and absorbed into the body of animals.
True
Haylage is a high moisture silage.
False
Crude protein is obtained by multiplying nitrogen % with factor 7.38.
False
Feed block is a block of feedstuff left on pastures for cattle to lick at will.
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Fecal energy represents the energy lost through urine.
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Ensilage is the process of preserving green forage by drying it.
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Dry matter feed contains water along with carbohydrates, protein, crude fat, and ash.
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Creep feed is a system of feeding adult animals before weaning.
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Mixed grazing refers to when two or more species of livestock graze separately.
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Ether extract measures the carbohydrate content of feed.
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Study Notes
Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR)
- BMR is a measure of an animal's metabolic rate when it is quiet, not stressed, and not active.
- BMR refers to the amount of energy an animal needs to maintain homeostasis.
Characteristics of BMR
- Basal metabolism is the result of chemical changes in an animal's cells in a fasting and resting state, using just enough energy to maintain vital cellular activity, respiration, and circulation.
Measuring Energy Metabolism
- There are two ways to measure energy metabolism: direct calorimetry, which measures heat produced directly by an animal, and indirect methods.
Growth
- Growth is an increase in size of muscles, bones, internal organs, and other body parts.
- Growth requires energy from carbohydrates and fats in an animal's diet.
- Growth is measured as an increase in body weight.
- Growth is most rapid early in life, declines gradually until puberty, and then slows until mature size is reached.
Requirements for Growth
- Requirements for growth are determined by actual weight, average daily gain (growth rate), weight at maturity, and composition of gain.
- Composition of gain refers to whether an animal is putting on more muscle or fat.
Paddock Grazing
- Paddock grazing is a system of dividing pasture into paddocks and grazing cattle rotationally.
Nutrient Requirements
- Nutrient requirements include maintenance, growth, and production.
- Maintenance requirements vary depending on factors such as weight, age, breed, physiological status, activity, and environmental conditions.
Fasting Catabolism
- Fasting catabolism is a process in which an animal, getting no feed, doing no external work, or yielding any product, is still carrying out vital processes.
Feed-Related Terms
- Bran: the husk of cereal containing 12% DCP and 67% TDN, rich in phosphorus, and acts as a laxative feed.
- Complete ration: a mixture of forage and grain in one feed.
- Creep feed: a system of feeding young animals before weaning.
- Crude protein: the total protein obtained by multiplying nitrogen % with factor 6.38.
- Digestible crude protein: the common way of expressing the protein values and requirements of ruminants obtained by multiplying the digestible coefficient of protein with CP.
- Digestible energy: the portion of gross energy of feed digested and absorbed into the body of animals.
- Dry matter: feed without water containing carbohydrates, protein, crude fat, and ash.
- Ensilage: a green forage preserved by fermentation in a silo.
- Ether extract: a measure of the lipid content of feed containing plant pigments, fat, oil, fatty acid, waxes, etc.
- Fecal energy: the good energy lost through feces.
- Feed block: a block of feedstuff left on pastures, especially in hilly areas for sheep to lick at will.
- Feeding standard: a table showing the amount of nutrients required for various needs of animals.
- Hay: green forage cut, dried to the extent that moisture remains below 18% and conserved.
- Hay sel – hay making season.
- Haylage: low moisture silage.
- Mixed grazing: when 2 or more species of livestock graze together.
- Nutritive value: (TDN-DCP)/DCP.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR), which is a measure of an animal's metabolic rate in a resting state. Learn about the amount of energy needed to maintain homeostasis and the chemical changes that occur in cells during fasting and rest.
