Questions and Answers
What are minerals?
Inorganic elements that help to build and repair tissues
How are trace minerals defined?
Essential minerals found in very small amounts
Which mineral works with calcium to strengthen and maintain healthy bones and teeth?
Phosphorus
Where is phosphorus primarily found?
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What is the coloring matter of the blood?
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What are the main causes of iron deficiency?
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What are common signs of iron deficiency anemia?
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Why is iodine essential to health?
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Why is sodium often restricted in cardiovascular conditions?
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What is iron primarily known as a necessary component of?
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Why should liquid from cooking vegetables be used in preparing other dishes?
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What condition can result from a deficiency of iodine?
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What can a deficiency of calcium cause?
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Why is sodium especially important?
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Where is sulfur found?
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What is hypokalemia?
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What are symptoms of zinc deficiency?
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What type of milk is a good source of copper?
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In what amounts are major minerals required?
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Where is calcium primarily found?
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What mineral can upset the body's fluid balance if deficient or excessive?
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What is a key function of iron?
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What can a deficiency of iodine result in?
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What may a deficiency of calcium result in?
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Which mineral provides resistance to dental caries?
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When minerals are added to processed foods, how is the food labeled?
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What are positively charged ions called?
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Which mineral does the human body contain the most of?
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What percentage of body weight do minerals represent?
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Which mineral is needed to maintain a proper acid-base balance in the blood?
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Polyphenols in tea and coffee reduce the absorption of which trace mineral?
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What mineral deficiency causes delayed growth and dwarfism?
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What inherited condition results in accumulation of which mineral in the liver, brain, kidneys, and cornea?
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In what form do most minerals occur in foods?
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Trace minerals are required in amounts less than?
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What is the name of the condition characterized by involuntary muscle movement resulting from insufficient calcium in the blood?
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Which mineral is NOT included in the enrichment process?
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What condition can result from having an excess of sodium in the body?
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Study Notes
Minerals Overview
- Minerals are inorganic elements crucial for building and repairing tissues.
- Trace minerals are essential but found in very small amounts in the human body.
Key Minerals and Their Functions
- Phosphorus: Works with calcium to strengthen bones and teeth; primarily found in poultry.
- Hemoglobin: The protein in blood that contains iron and is responsible for oxygen transport.
- Iron Deficiency: Caused by malabsorption, lack of stomach acid, or insufficient intake; symptoms include fatigue and weakness.
- Iodine: Essential for metabolism regulation; deficiency can lead to goiter.
- Sodium: Important in osmosis; often restricted in cardiovascular conditions due to its contribution to edema.
Calcium and Other Major Minerals
- Calcium Deficiency: Can cause tetany and osteomalacia; mainly found in milk and dairy products.
- Major minerals are required in amounts exceeding 1,000 milligrams per day.
- Sulfur: Found in all body cells, playing various biological roles.
Nutritional Sources and Absorption
- Potassium Deficiency: Results in hypokalemia.
- Zinc Deficiency: Symptoms include delayed growth and hypogonadism; known to cause symptoms like delayed growth and dwarfism.
- Copper: Good sources include human milk; excess accumulation related to Wilson's disease affects the liver and brain.
The Role of Other Trace Minerals
- Fluoride: Provides resistance to dental caries.
- Cations: Positively charged ions essential for various body functions.
- Minerals' representation in body weight: Approximately 4% of total body weight.
Dietary Considerations
- Enrichment Process: When minerals are added to processed foods, they are labeled as enriched.
- Salts: Most minerals occur in foods in salt form.
- Polyphenols: Found in tea and coffee, can reduce the absorption of iron.
Summary of Conditions and Mineral Deficiencies
- Calcium Deficiency: May lead to conditions such as tetany and osteomalacia.
- Sodium and Potassium Imbalance: Excess sodium can result in edema.
- Acid-Base Balance: Phosphorus is important for maintaining proper blood pH.
Notable Exclusions
- Vitamin B12 is not included in the mineral enrichment process.
By understanding these key points about minerals, their sources, functions, and the consequences of deficiencies, you can deepen your knowledge of nutritional science and health.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential minerals as discussed in Chapter 8. This quiz includes definitions and key concepts related to inorganic elements necessary for tissue health and mineral interactions in the body. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of nutrition.
