Nutrition Chapter 8 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Calcium appears in how many classes of food?

  • 4
  • 3 (correct)
  • 5
  • 2

    • What item contains the most calcium?

    milk and milk products

    What two things does milk contain?

    vitamin D and lactose

    What do vitamin D and lactose enhance and promote?

    <p>enhances calcium absorption and promotes bone health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Green vegetables and some other foods may contain what?

    <p>binders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do binders do?

    <p>decrease calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption?

    <p>phytic acid and oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do minerals contribute to calories?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals have diverse functions in the body and work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are minerals required in large or small amounts?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals are inorganic compounds occurring naturally in the earth's crust.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals contribute to the building of body structures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two classifications of minerals?

    <p>major minerals and trace minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 7 major minerals?

    <p>calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 9 trace minerals?

    <p>iodine, iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are major minerals?

    <p>occur in large quantities in the body and are needed daily in large amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trace minerals?

    <p>occur in minute quantities and are needed in smaller amounts in the daily diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the minerals needed for healthy bones?

    <p>calcium, phosphorus, fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vitamins needed for healthy bones?

    <p>vitamin C, D, K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bones made up of?

    <p>complex living tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex living tissue in bone based on?

    <p>the protein collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minerals are deposited into the matrix of bone?

    <p>crystals of calcium and phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms of bone?

    <p>trabecular (lacy portion) and cortical (outer portion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does peak bone mass occur?

    <p>about 30 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bone loss after 30?

    <p>bone loss starts to outpace bone deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two roles does calcium play in bone?

    <p>supports and protects soft tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium serves as a calcium bank. What does that mean?

    <p>provides calcium to the body's fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much calcium is in the body fluids?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calcium essential for?

    <p>nerve impulses, muscle contraction, heartbeat, maintenance of blood pressure, and blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium is a cofactor.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cofactor?

    <p>a mineral element that works with an enzyme to facilitate a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is calcium needed?

    <p>to support the growth of teeth and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a deficit in calcium during growing years contribute to?

    <p>osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteoporosis?

    <p>also known as adult bone loss; a disease in which the bones become porous and fragile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osteo mean?

    <p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does poros mean?

    <p>porous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reasons for loss of bone density?

    <p>poor calcium intake, fluoride and/or vitamin D deficiency, heredity, abnormal hormone levels, alcohol consumption, some prescription medicines or other drugs, lack of exercise (especially weight-bearing exercise)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phytic acid do?

    <p>renders the calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium in certain foods less available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does oxalic acid do?

    <p>binds calcium and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a high fiber intake diminish?

    <p>calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Calcium and Food Sources

    • Calcium is found in three main food classes: milk and dairy products, green vegetables, and certain fish and shellfish.
    • Milk and milk products are the richest sources of calcium.

    Components of Milk

    • Milk contains vitamin D and lactose, which are vital for calcium absorption and overall bone health.

    Absorption Inhibitors

    • Some foods, including green vegetables, may contain binders that negatively affect calcium absorption.
    • Binders like phytates and oxalates decrease the absorption of calcium and other minerals.

    Minerals Overview

    • Minerals do not contribute to caloric intake but play vital roles in bodily functions and enzyme activity.
    • Required in minute quantities, minerals are essential building blocks for body structures.

    Types of Minerals

    • Minerals are classified into two categories: major minerals and trace minerals.
    • Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfur.
    • Trace minerals include iodine, iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese.

    Bone Health

    • Essential minerals for bone health include calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride.
    • Vitamins crucial for maintaining bone health are vitamins C, D, and K.
    • Bones are made of complex living tissue that relies on collagen for structure.

    Bone Composition and Density

    • Calcium and phosphorus crystals are deposited into the bone matrix.
    • Bone structure consists of two forms: trabecular (lacy) and cortical (outer).
    • Peak bone mass is generally achieved by age 30, after which bone loss begins to surpass bone formation.

    Functions of Calcium

    • Calcium supports and protects soft tissues, serves as a reservoir for the body’s calcium needs, and constitutes 1% of body fluids.
    • Critical for nerve impulses, muscle contractions, heart function, blood pressure regulation, and blood clotting.

    Calcium Deficiency and Osteoporosis

    • Calcium is essential for growing strong teeth and bones; deficiencies during growth can lead to osteoporosis, characterized by fragility and porosity of bones.
    • Factors contributing to bone density loss include inadequate calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, hereditary factors, hormonal imbalances, alcohol use, certain medications, and lack of weight-bearing exercise.

    Effects of Dietary Compounds

    • Phytic acid can make calcium and other minerals less available for absorption.
    • Oxalic acid has the potential to bind with calcium and iron, reducing their bioavailability.
    • High fiber intake may also diminish calcium absorption.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Chapter 8 of nutrition studies. This quiz covers essential information about calcium sources, vitamin D, and lactose. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of food classes and nutrition.

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