Questions and Answers
Calcium appears in how many classes of food?
What item contains the most calcium?
milk and milk products
What two things does milk contain?
vitamin D and lactose
What do vitamin D and lactose enhance and promote?
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Green vegetables and some other foods may contain what?
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What do binders do?
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What are two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption?
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Do minerals contribute to calories?
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Minerals have diverse functions in the body and work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.
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Are minerals required in large or small amounts?
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Minerals are inorganic compounds occurring naturally in the earth's crust.
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Minerals contribute to the building of body structures.
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What are the two classifications of minerals?
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What are the 7 major minerals?
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What are the 9 trace minerals?
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What are major minerals?
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What are trace minerals?
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What are the minerals needed for healthy bones?
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What are the vitamins needed for healthy bones?
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What are bones made up of?
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What is the complex living tissue in bone based on?
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What minerals are deposited into the matrix of bone?
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What are the two forms of bone?
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When does peak bone mass occur?
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What happens to bone loss after 30?
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What two roles does calcium play in bone?
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Calcium serves as a calcium bank. What does that mean?
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How much calcium is in the body fluids?
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What is calcium essential for?
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Calcium is a cofactor.
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What is a cofactor?
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Why is calcium needed?
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What does a deficit in calcium during growing years contribute to?
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What is osteoporosis?
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What does osteo mean?
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What does poros mean?
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What are reasons for loss of bone density?
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What does phytic acid do?
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What does oxalic acid do?
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What can a high fiber intake diminish?
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Study Notes
Calcium and Food Sources
- Calcium is found in three main food classes: milk and dairy products, green vegetables, and certain fish and shellfish.
- Milk and milk products are the richest sources of calcium.
Components of Milk
- Milk contains vitamin D and lactose, which are vital for calcium absorption and overall bone health.
Absorption Inhibitors
- Some foods, including green vegetables, may contain binders that negatively affect calcium absorption.
- Binders like phytates and oxalates decrease the absorption of calcium and other minerals.
Minerals Overview
- Minerals do not contribute to caloric intake but play vital roles in bodily functions and enzyme activity.
- Required in minute quantities, minerals are essential building blocks for body structures.
Types of Minerals
- Minerals are classified into two categories: major minerals and trace minerals.
- Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfur.
- Trace minerals include iodine, iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese.
Bone Health
- Essential minerals for bone health include calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride.
- Vitamins crucial for maintaining bone health are vitamins C, D, and K.
- Bones are made of complex living tissue that relies on collagen for structure.
Bone Composition and Density
- Calcium and phosphorus crystals are deposited into the bone matrix.
- Bone structure consists of two forms: trabecular (lacy) and cortical (outer).
- Peak bone mass is generally achieved by age 30, after which bone loss begins to surpass bone formation.
Functions of Calcium
- Calcium supports and protects soft tissues, serves as a reservoir for the body’s calcium needs, and constitutes 1% of body fluids.
- Critical for nerve impulses, muscle contractions, heart function, blood pressure regulation, and blood clotting.
Calcium Deficiency and Osteoporosis
- Calcium is essential for growing strong teeth and bones; deficiencies during growth can lead to osteoporosis, characterized by fragility and porosity of bones.
- Factors contributing to bone density loss include inadequate calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, hereditary factors, hormonal imbalances, alcohol use, certain medications, and lack of weight-bearing exercise.
Effects of Dietary Compounds
- Phytic acid can make calcium and other minerals less available for absorption.
- Oxalic acid has the potential to bind with calcium and iron, reducing their bioavailability.
- High fiber intake may also diminish calcium absorption.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Chapter 8 of nutrition studies. This quiz covers essential information about calcium sources, vitamin D, and lactose. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of food classes and nutrition.
