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Questions and Answers
Calcium appears in how many classes of food?
Calcium appears in how many classes of food?
- 4
- 3 (correct)
- 5
- 2
What item contains the most calcium?
What item contains the most calcium?
milk and milk products
What two things does milk contain?
What two things does milk contain?
vitamin D and lactose
What do vitamin D and lactose enhance and promote?
What do vitamin D and lactose enhance and promote?
Green vegetables and some other foods may contain what?
Green vegetables and some other foods may contain what?
What do binders do?
What do binders do?
What are two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption?
What are two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption?
Do minerals contribute to calories?
Do minerals contribute to calories?
Minerals have diverse functions in the body and work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.
Minerals have diverse functions in the body and work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.
Are minerals required in large or small amounts?
Are minerals required in large or small amounts?
Minerals are inorganic compounds occurring naturally in the earth's crust.
Minerals are inorganic compounds occurring naturally in the earth's crust.
Minerals contribute to the building of body structures.
Minerals contribute to the building of body structures.
What are the two classifications of minerals?
What are the two classifications of minerals?
What are the 7 major minerals?
What are the 7 major minerals?
What are the 9 trace minerals?
What are the 9 trace minerals?
What are major minerals?
What are major minerals?
What are trace minerals?
What are trace minerals?
What are the minerals needed for healthy bones?
What are the minerals needed for healthy bones?
What are the vitamins needed for healthy bones?
What are the vitamins needed for healthy bones?
What are bones made up of?
What are bones made up of?
What is the complex living tissue in bone based on?
What is the complex living tissue in bone based on?
What minerals are deposited into the matrix of bone?
What minerals are deposited into the matrix of bone?
What are the two forms of bone?
What are the two forms of bone?
When does peak bone mass occur?
When does peak bone mass occur?
What happens to bone loss after 30?
What happens to bone loss after 30?
What two roles does calcium play in bone?
What two roles does calcium play in bone?
Calcium serves as a calcium bank. What does that mean?
Calcium serves as a calcium bank. What does that mean?
How much calcium is in the body fluids?
How much calcium is in the body fluids?
What is calcium essential for?
What is calcium essential for?
Calcium is a cofactor.
Calcium is a cofactor.
What is a cofactor?
What is a cofactor?
Why is calcium needed?
Why is calcium needed?
What does a deficit in calcium during growing years contribute to?
What does a deficit in calcium during growing years contribute to?
What is osteoporosis?
What is osteoporosis?
What does osteo mean?
What does osteo mean?
What does poros mean?
What does poros mean?
What are reasons for loss of bone density?
What are reasons for loss of bone density?
What does phytic acid do?
What does phytic acid do?
What does oxalic acid do?
What does oxalic acid do?
What can a high fiber intake diminish?
What can a high fiber intake diminish?
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Study Notes
Calcium and Food Sources
- Calcium is found in three main food classes: milk and dairy products, green vegetables, and certain fish and shellfish.
- Milk and milk products are the richest sources of calcium.
Components of Milk
- Milk contains vitamin D and lactose, which are vital for calcium absorption and overall bone health.
Absorption Inhibitors
- Some foods, including green vegetables, may contain binders that negatively affect calcium absorption.
- Binders like phytates and oxalates decrease the absorption of calcium and other minerals.
Minerals Overview
- Minerals do not contribute to caloric intake but play vital roles in bodily functions and enzyme activity.
- Required in minute quantities, minerals are essential building blocks for body structures.
Types of Minerals
- Minerals are classified into two categories: major minerals and trace minerals.
- Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfur.
- Trace minerals include iodine, iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese.
Bone Health
- Essential minerals for bone health include calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride.
- Vitamins crucial for maintaining bone health are vitamins C, D, and K.
- Bones are made of complex living tissue that relies on collagen for structure.
Bone Composition and Density
- Calcium and phosphorus crystals are deposited into the bone matrix.
- Bone structure consists of two forms: trabecular (lacy) and cortical (outer).
- Peak bone mass is generally achieved by age 30, after which bone loss begins to surpass bone formation.
Functions of Calcium
- Calcium supports and protects soft tissues, serves as a reservoir for the body’s calcium needs, and constitutes 1% of body fluids.
- Critical for nerve impulses, muscle contractions, heart function, blood pressure regulation, and blood clotting.
Calcium Deficiency and Osteoporosis
- Calcium is essential for growing strong teeth and bones; deficiencies during growth can lead to osteoporosis, characterized by fragility and porosity of bones.
- Factors contributing to bone density loss include inadequate calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, hereditary factors, hormonal imbalances, alcohol use, certain medications, and lack of weight-bearing exercise.
Effects of Dietary Compounds
- Phytic acid can make calcium and other minerals less available for absorption.
- Oxalic acid has the potential to bind with calcium and iron, reducing their bioavailability.
- High fiber intake may also diminish calcium absorption.
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