Nutrition Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the major classes of dietary lipids?

Triglycerides

Sterols

Phospholipids

All of the above (correct)

Fatty acids are classified by which factors?

Length of the chain, whether the carbons have a single or a double bond, and the total number of double bonds.

The 'backbone' of a triglyceride is a __________ molecule.

glycerol

Bile is made in the and stored in the .

liver, gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of fat digestion occur?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein has the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Signup and view all the answers

What does LDL do in the body?

Deposit cholesterol in the walls of your arteries, which can lead to heart disease. Signup and view all the answers

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are composed mostly of?

Triglycerides and have very little protein and cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

How many calories are provided by 20 grams of fat?

180 Signup and view all the answers

Which foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

Salmon and other cold-water fish Signup and view all the answers

Which food item contains the most dietary cholesterol per serving?

Whole milk Signup and view all the answers

Dietary cholesterol is found in foods from?

Animal products Signup and view all the answers

What are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Nuts, cashew nuts and almonds, olives, olive oil, and canola oil. Signup and view all the answers

Saturated fats are most likely to be found in __________.

Animal products like meat and dairy Signup and view all the answers

The majority of trans fats in foods are created by food manufacturers through the process of __________.

Hydrogenation Signup and view all the answers

What are current dietary fat recommendations for good health?

Cholesterol less than 300 mg per day, fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of your total calories, consume as little trans fat as possible, and consume no more than 10 percent of your fat intake from saturated fat. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of lipoprotein in the blood is the healthiest?

A high level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed into?

The lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

The abundant lipid in your body is __________.

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

Most chemical digestion of fat occurs in the __________.

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

The lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used is __________.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Signup and view all the answers

Which foods provide the best sources of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids?

Shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner. Signup and view all the answers

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for dietary fat is between __________.

20-35 percent of daily calories. Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary component raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol the most?

Saturated fat Signup and view all the answers

What are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid?

Flaxseeds, walnuts, and soybean oil. Signup and view all the answers

To raise your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, you can?

Exercise more and lose excess weight. Signup and view all the answers

Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they?

Raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels. Signup and view all the answers

What does VLDL do?

Delivers fat made in the liver to tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What are eicosanoids?

Hormone-like substances made from essential fatty acids, which are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Consume less than ___ mg of cholesterol a day.

300 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is atherosclerosis?

Plaque build-up on the inner walls of the arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two essential fatty acids?

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Major Classes of Dietary Lipids

Types of dietary lipids: triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids.

Fatty Acid Classification

Classified by chain length, presence of double bonds, and total number of double bonds.

Triglyceride Structure

Backbone of triglycerides is a glycerol molecule.

Bile Production and Storage

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Digestion of Fats

Majority of fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Lipoproteins and Cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has the highest percentage of cholesterol.
LDL deposits cholesterol in artery walls, potentially leading to heart disease.
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are primarily composed of triglycerides.

Caloric Content of Fat

20 grams of fat provides 180 calories (1 gram fat = 9 calories).

Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Richest sources are salmon and other cold-water fish.

Dietary Cholesterol Sources

Whole milk contains the highest dietary cholesterol per serving.
Dietary cholesterol is found in animal products.

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

Good sources include nuts, cashews, almonds, olives, olive oil, and canola oil.

Saturated Fats

Commonly found in animal products like meat and dairy.

Trans Fats Production

Majority are created through hydrogenation.

Dietary Fat Recommendations

Cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/day.
Fat intake should be 20-35% of total calories.
Minimize trans fat and limit saturated fat to no more than 10% of total fat intake.

Healthy Lipoproteins

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the healthiest form of lipoprotein.

Lipid Absorption

Most lipids are absorbed into the lymphatic system during digestion.

Predominant Lipid in the Body

Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid.

Chemical Digestion of Fat

Predominantly occurs in the small intestine.

HDL Function

HDL removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver.

Heart-Healthy Omega-3 Sources

Shrimp and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Dietary fat should constitute 20-35% of daily calories.

LDL Cholesterol Elevation

Saturated fats raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels the most.

Essential Fatty Acids

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are the essential fatty acids found in flaxseeds, walnuts, and soybean oil.

Increasing HDL Levels

Engage in regular exercise and maintain a healthy weight to raise HDL cholesterol.

Risks of Trans Fats

Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, posing heart health risks.

VLDL Function

VLDL delivers fat synthesized in the liver to tissues.

Eicosanoids

Hormone-like substances derived from essential fatty acids involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure regulation.

Cholesterol Intake Guidelines

Recommended to consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol daily.

Atherosclerosis

Condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arterial walls.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the major concepts of dietary lipids as covered in Chapter 5. It includes key terms and definitions related to triglycerides, fatty acids, and the structure of lipids. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding of lipid classification and composition.