Nutrition Chapter 5 Flashcards

Major Classes of Dietary Lipids

• Types of dietary lipids: triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids.

Fatty Acid Classification

• Classified by chain length, presence of double bonds, and total number of double bonds.

Triglyceride Structure

• Backbone of triglycerides is a glycerol molecule.

Bile Production and Storage

• Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Digestion of Fats

• Majority of fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Lipoproteins and Cholesterol

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has the highest percentage of cholesterol.
• LDL deposits cholesterol in artery walls, potentially leading to heart disease.
• Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are primarily composed of triglycerides.

Caloric Content of Fat

• 20 grams of fat provides 180 calories (1 gram fat = 9 calories).

Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

• Richest sources are salmon and other cold-water fish.

Dietary Cholesterol Sources

• Whole milk contains the highest dietary cholesterol per serving.
• Dietary cholesterol is found in animal products.

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

• Good sources include nuts, cashews, almonds, olives, olive oil, and canola oil.

Saturated Fats

• Commonly found in animal products like meat and dairy.

Trans Fats Production

• Majority are created through hydrogenation.

Dietary Fat Recommendations

• Cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/day.
• Fat intake should be 20-35% of total calories.
• Minimize trans fat and limit saturated fat to no more than 10% of total fat intake.

Healthy Lipoproteins

• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the healthiest form of lipoprotein.

Lipid Absorption

• Most lipids are absorbed into the lymphatic system during digestion.

Predominant Lipid in the Body

• Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid.

Chemical Digestion of Fat

• Predominantly occurs in the small intestine.

HDL Function

• HDL removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver.

Heart-Healthy Omega-3 Sources

• Shrimp and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

• Dietary fat should constitute 20-35% of daily calories.

LDL Cholesterol Elevation

• Saturated fats raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels the most.

Essential Fatty Acids

• Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are the essential fatty acids found in flaxseeds, walnuts, and soybean oil.

Increasing HDL Levels

• Engage in regular exercise and maintain a healthy weight to raise HDL cholesterol.

Risks of Trans Fats

• Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, posing heart health risks.

VLDL Function

• VLDL delivers fat synthesized in the liver to tissues.

Eicosanoids

• Hormone-like substances derived from essential fatty acids involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure regulation.

Cholesterol Intake Guidelines

• Recommended to consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol daily.

Atherosclerosis

• Condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arterial walls.