Nutrition Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the major classes of dietary lipids?

  • Triglycerides
  • Sterols
  • Phospholipids
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Fatty acids are classified by which factors?

    Length of the chain, whether the carbons have a single or a double bond, and the total number of double bonds.

    The 'backbone' of a triglyceride is a __________ molecule.

    glycerol

    Bile is made in the __________ and stored in the __________.

    <p>liver, gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of fat digestion occur?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein has the highest percentage of cholesterol?

    <p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LDL do in the body?

    <p>Deposit cholesterol in the walls of your arteries, which can lead to heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are composed mostly of?

    <p>Triglycerides and have very little protein and cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many calories are provided by 20 grams of fat?

    <p>180</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

    <p>Salmon and other cold-water fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food item contains the most dietary cholesterol per serving?

    <p>Whole milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dietary cholesterol is found in foods from?

    <p>Animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Nuts, cashew nuts and almonds, olives, olive oil, and canola oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats are most likely to be found in __________.

    <p>Animal products like meat and dairy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of trans fats in foods are created by food manufacturers through the process of __________.

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are current dietary fat recommendations for good health?

    <p>Cholesterol less than 300 mg per day, fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of your total calories, consume as little trans fat as possible, and consume no more than 10 percent of your fat intake from saturated fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of lipoprotein in the blood is the healthiest?

    <p>A high level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed into?

    <p>The lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abundant lipid in your body is __________.

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most chemical digestion of fat occurs in the __________.

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used is __________.

    <p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods provide the best sources of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids?

    <p>Shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for dietary fat is between __________.

    <p>20-35 percent of daily calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary component raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol the most?

    <p>Saturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid?

    <p>Flaxseeds, walnuts, and soybean oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To raise your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, you can?

    <p>Exercise more and lose excess weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they?

    <p>Raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VLDL do?

    <p>Delivers fat made in the liver to tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are eicosanoids?

    <p>Hormone-like substances made from essential fatty acids, which are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consume less than ___ mg of cholesterol a day.

    <p>300 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atherosclerosis?

    <p>Plaque build-up on the inner walls of the arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two essential fatty acids?

    <p>Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major Classes of Dietary Lipids

    • Types of dietary lipids: triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids.

    Fatty Acid Classification

    • Classified by chain length, presence of double bonds, and total number of double bonds.

    Triglyceride Structure

    • Backbone of triglycerides is a glycerol molecule.

    Bile Production and Storage

    • Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

    Digestion of Fats

    • Majority of fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

    Lipoproteins and Cholesterol

    • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has the highest percentage of cholesterol.
    • LDL deposits cholesterol in artery walls, potentially leading to heart disease.
    • Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are primarily composed of triglycerides.

    Caloric Content of Fat

    • 20 grams of fat provides 180 calories (1 gram fat = 9 calories).

    Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

    • Richest sources are salmon and other cold-water fish.

    Dietary Cholesterol Sources

    • Whole milk contains the highest dietary cholesterol per serving.
    • Dietary cholesterol is found in animal products.

    Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

    • Good sources include nuts, cashews, almonds, olives, olive oil, and canola oil.

    Saturated Fats

    • Commonly found in animal products like meat and dairy.

    Trans Fats Production

    • Majority are created through hydrogenation.

    Dietary Fat Recommendations

    • Cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/day.
    • Fat intake should be 20-35% of total calories.
    • Minimize trans fat and limit saturated fat to no more than 10% of total fat intake.

    Healthy Lipoproteins

    • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the healthiest form of lipoprotein.

    Lipid Absorption

    • Most lipids are absorbed into the lymphatic system during digestion.

    Predominant Lipid in the Body

    • Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid.

    Chemical Digestion of Fat

    • Predominantly occurs in the small intestine.

    HDL Function

    • HDL removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver.

    Heart-Healthy Omega-3 Sources

    • Shrimp and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

    Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

    • Dietary fat should constitute 20-35% of daily calories.

    LDL Cholesterol Elevation

    • Saturated fats raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels the most.

    Essential Fatty Acids

    • Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are the essential fatty acids found in flaxseeds, walnuts, and soybean oil.

    Increasing HDL Levels

    • Engage in regular exercise and maintain a healthy weight to raise HDL cholesterol.

    Risks of Trans Fats

    • Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, posing heart health risks.

    VLDL Function

    • VLDL delivers fat synthesized in the liver to tissues.

    Eicosanoids

    • Hormone-like substances derived from essential fatty acids involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure regulation.

    Cholesterol Intake Guidelines

    • Recommended to consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol daily.

    Atherosclerosis

    • Condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arterial walls.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the major concepts of dietary lipids as covered in Chapter 5. It includes key terms and definitions related to triglycerides, fatty acids, and the structure of lipids. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding of lipid classification and composition.

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