Questions and Answers
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.
Glucose
The monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit for all carbohydrate structures is ____.
Glucose
Which of the following are monosaccharides? Glucose, Sucrose, Galactose, Fructose.
Place the hyphen correctly in the word 'monosaccharide' to indicate the prefix and the word stem.
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Which of the following is a type of simple sugar? Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Fiber, Starch.
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Which two monosaccharides are components of milk sugar? Glucose, Lactose, Fructose, Galactose.
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Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ____.
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Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: Glucose and ____.
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What is a major food source of lactose? Fat, Milk, Bread, Fruit.
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Lactose can be found in which animal products? Meat, Milk, Eggs.
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What are some natural food sources of sucrose? Maple Sugar, Sugar Beets, Breakdown of Starches, Milk.
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Which of the following is another term for glucose? Dextrose, Sucrose, Carbohydrate, Table Sugar.
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The body is able to convert fructose into glucose or: Fat, Glycogen, Protein, Amino Acids.
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Human breastmilk contains which monosaccharides? Glucose, Galactose, Fructose, Maltose.
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What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together? Lactose, Fructose, Maltose, Sucrose.
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Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide: sweetness, promote cavities, are 4Kcals per gram.
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Place the hyphen correctly in the word 'disaccharide' to indicate the prefix and the word stem.
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Is milk a natural source of sucrose?
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In which food category is galactose typically found? Dairy, Fruit, Grains, Meat.
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Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ____.
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Aspertame is an alternative sweetener made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
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Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the U.S.? Aspertame, Cyclamate, Neotame, Acesulfame-K.
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The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes them sweet is called ____.
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What is another name for polysaccharides? Starch, Soluble Fiber, Complex Carbohydrates, Simple Carbohydrates.
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What does the term starch mean? A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in ring form, The storage form of carbohydrates in plants, Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine, a simple form of a carbohydrate.
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Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many ____ units bonded together.
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Where is glucose stored in the body? Liver, Blood, Brain, Heart.
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Which of the following statements about fiber are true? It is a complex carbohydrate, a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces, can be digested by human enzymes.
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True or False: Dietary Fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.
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Both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of ____.
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Match the following descriptions with the correct polysaccharide:
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Which of the following groups of polysaccharides are forms of starch? Cellulose and Hemicelluloses, Pectins and Gums, Amylose and Amylopectin, Mucilages and Lignins.
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Soluble fibers: dissolve or swell in water, do not readily dissolve in water, are metabolized by intestinal bacteria.
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Study Notes
Monosaccharides
- Major monosaccharide in the body is Glucose.
- Basic unit for all carbohydrate structures is Glucose.
- Common monosaccharides include Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose; Sucrose is not a monosaccharide.
Definitions and Functions
- The term "monosaccharide" can be hyphenated as mono-saccharide.
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars, whereas polysaccharides, fiber, and starch are more complex carbohydrates.
Lactose and Sucrose
- Milk sugar is composed of Galactose and Glucose.
- Fructose is also known as Levulose; it is found in fruits.
- Sucrose consists of Glucose and Fructose.
- Major food source of lactose is milk.
Natural Sources
- Natural sources of sucrose include Maple Syrup and Sugar Beets.
- Humans can convert fructose into glucose or fat.
- Galactose is typically found in the dairy category.
Sweeteners
- Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two amino acids: phenylalanine and aspartic acid, along with methanol.
- Artificial sweeteners available in the U.S. include Aspartame, Neotame, and Acesulfame-K.
- Sweetening compound in Stevia is known as Rebiana.
Carbohydrates
- Polysaccharides are also referred to as Complex Carbohydrates.
- Starch serves as the storage form of carbohydrates in plants.
- Glycogen is made up of branched structures of glucose units.
Storage and Fiber
- Glucose is stored in the liver.
- Characteristics of fiber:
- It is a complex carbohydrate.
- Found in plants.
- Adds bulk to feces.
- Dietary Fiber does not include indigestible animal materials.
Starch and Cellulose
- Both Starch and Glycogen consist of hundreds of glucose molecules, categorizing them as polysaccharides.
- Types of starch include Amylose (long, straight chain) and Amylopectin (highly branched chain).
- Soluble fibers dissolve or swell in water and are metabolized by intestinal bacteria.
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Test your knowledge of key concepts in Nutrition Chapter 4 with these flashcards. Focus on monosaccharides, their roles in the body, and examples of different types. Perfect for anyone studying nutrition or preparing for exams.
