Questions and Answers
The action of bacterial enzymes on fiber in the large intestine results in the ________.
release of short-chain fatty acids
High fructose corn syrup is composed of fructose and glucose in an approximate ratio of ________.
50:50
A typical serving of fruits contains an average of about ________.
15 grams of carbohydrates
Total fiber refers to the sum of ________.
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Storage forms of glucose in living things include ________.
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Fructose and galactose are mostly metabolized in which organ?
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How is glycogen typically stored in the body?
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People on strict lactose-free diets need to read labels and avoid foods with four of the following ingredients. Which is an acceptable food for this diet?
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Which of the following compounds is produced by the liver during the breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available?
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Which food ranks low on the Glycemic Index?
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Low blood glucose stimulates which organ(s) to release glucagon into the bloodstream?
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Dietary fiber is found in good amounts in four of the following foods. What food has the lowest amount of dietary fiber?
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Research studies suggest that a high-fiber diet protects against ________.
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The warning label that appears on products containing NutraSweet (aspartame) is necessary to prevent problems for people with ________.
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A person with prediabetes has a fasting blood glucose level of ________.
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Study Notes
Fiber and Enzymes
- Bacterial enzymes act on fiber in the large intestine to release short-chain fatty acids.
High Fructose Corn Syrup
- Contains fructose and glucose in a roughly equal ratio of 50:50.
Serving of Fruits
- Typically contains about 15 grams of carbohydrates.
Total Fiber Definition
- Total fiber is the sum of dietary fibers and functional fibers.
Storage Forms of Glucose
- Glucose is stored in living organisms primarily as glycogen and starch.
Metabolism of Fructose and Galactose
- These sugars are primarily metabolized in the liver.
Glycogen Storage in the Body
- Glycogen is stored approximately 1/4 in the liver and 3/4 in muscle cells.
Lactose-Free Diets
- Individuals on strict lactose-free diets should avoid foods containing lactose but can consume gluten.
Ketone Bodies
- Produced by the liver during fat breakdown when carbohydrates are unavailable.
Glycemic Index
- Barley ranks low on the Glycemic Index, indicating a slower impact on blood glucose levels.
Glucose Regulation
- Low blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release glucagon into the bloodstream.
Dietary Fiber Sources
- Chicken breasts contain the lowest amount of dietary fiber among common food options.
High-Fiber Diet Benefits
- Research indicates that a high-fiber diet may provide protection against colon cancer.
NutraSweet Warning
- Products containing NutraSweet (aspartame) carry warning labels to inform individuals with phenylketonuria.
Prediabetes Blood Glucose Levels
- Fasting blood glucose levels of 100-125 mg/dL indicate a state of prediabetes.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Nutrition Chapter 4. They cover key concepts such as fiber, high fructose corn syrup, and carbohydrate content in fruits. Perfect for quick revision or study sessions!
