Nutrition Chapter 4 - Carbohydrates Quiz

Unrefined (whole) carbohydrates are carb sources eaten in their natural form or with minimal processing. Refined carbohydrates are processed carbs, typically have a portion of the grain removed, can be a source of empty calories and are lower in nutrient density.

Enrichment is a type of fortification which adds back some, but not all, of the nutrients (often vitamins) lost in processing.

Whole grains are unrefined carbohydrates that include the entire grain kernel, consisting of the germ, bran, and endosperm. Different types of whole grains include oats, wheat, barley, and rye.

<p>Whole grains consist of the endosperm (primarily starch, also contains proteins, vitamins, and minerals), bran (fiber, higher in vitamins and minerals), and germ (source of oil, rich in vitamin E). During refinement, often just the endosperm is kept, leading to lower fiber and nutrient content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates are composed of sugars, starches, and fiber, made up of one or more sugar units. Examples include monosaccharides (single sugar units), disaccharides (two sugar units), and polysaccharides (three or more sugar units).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of monosaccharides are glucose (circulates in the blood), galactose (part of milk sugar), and fructose (found in fruits and vegetables).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of disaccharides are maltose (made of two glucose units, found in bread), sucrose (made by linking glucose to fructose, commonly called sugar), and lactose (made of glucose and galactose, found in dairy products).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Added sugars are chemically similar to natural sugars found in fruits and milk but lack the nutritional benefits and fiber content, contributing to empty calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Added sugars are often associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, addictive food tendencies, dental caries, and some forms of acne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides are typically not sweet tasting and come in two dietary forms: starches and fiber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiber cannot be digested or absorbed by the small intestine but some soluble fiber is broken down by bacteria in the large intestine to form short-chain fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soluble fiber is broken down by bacteria to form short-chain fatty acids, yielding about 2-3 kcal/gram. Insoluble fiber contributes negligible energy and most sources contain a mixture of both fiber types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women should aim for 25g/day and men for 38g/day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can act as a prebiotic. Sources include oats, apples, nuts, beans, seaweed, and jams. It is heart-healthy, binds cholesterol, and may help regulate blood sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meals rich in soluble fiber dilute the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, slowing nutrient absorption, leading to a smaller increase in blood glucose and providing bulk.</p> Signup and view all the answers