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Questions and Answers
Plant-based foods and whole grains are good sources of complex ______.
carbohydrates
Proteins give structure to all ______.
cells
The body can make non-essential amino acids if the ______ arises.
need
Fats supply energy and pack ______ calories per gram.
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Trans fats are considered the unhealthiest because they raise bad ______ cholesterol.
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Vitamins team up with proteins called ______ to help chemical reactions occur.
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Minerals give structure to your bones, teeth and ______.
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Major minerals often have recommended daily values above ______ milligrams.
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The body adapts to a chronic state of insufficient caloric intake, also known as ______.
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Different combinations of many aetiological factors can lead to ______ in children.
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One common cause of PEM is ______, which involves improper feeding practices.
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Kwashiorkor is primarily caused by ______ deficiency.
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Marasmus is characterized by severe energy ______.
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Marasmus usually develops between the ages of six months and ______.
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A marasmic-kwashiorkor child exhibits features of both ______ and kwashiorkor.
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Fluid retention in kwashiorkor is known as ______.
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Micronutrients are required in ______ amounts.
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Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, and water are examples of ______.
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Vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants are examples of ______.
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Nutritional status is assessed through the interaction of internal and external ______.
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The purpose of nutritional assessment is to identify individuals or groups at risk of becoming ______.
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Ecological variables, cultures, and economic ______ are considered in nutritional assessment.
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Nutritional assessment methods include anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary ______.
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Sodium, iodine, copper, and flouride are examples of ______.
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Your body loses water through breathing, sweat, and ______.
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To maintain optimum health, you need to eat a variety of ______.
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There are five food groups: Bread/cereal, Vegetables, Fruit, Dairy, and ______.
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Children need to consume a large variety of food from different ______.
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A disease is a particular abnormal condition that affects part or all of an ______.
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The study of disease is called ______, which includes the study of causes.
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Vitamin B1 deficiency causes a disease known as ______.
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To control diseases due to deficiency of vitamins, it is important to avail foods rich in ______.
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The promotion of breast feeding is an important part of ______.
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To maintain health, an adult should consume between five and ______ servings of fruits and vegetables each day.
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Good nutrition increases the capacity of periodontal tissues to resist ______.
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The two categories of nutrients are ______ and micronutrients.
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Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and ______.
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Micronutrients consist of vitamins and ______.
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Different stages of women require different ______ to maintain their health.
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The amount of nutrient and calorie intake is calculated based on ______ and females of various ages.
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Study Notes
Nutritional Fundamentals
- Plant-based foods and whole grains provide complex carbohydrates; fruits, table sugar, honey are sources of simple carbohydrates.
- Proteins offer structural support to cells, aid tissue repair, and can serve as an energy source (4 calories/gram).
- Six main nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Types of Proteins
- Composed of 20 amino acids; nine are essential and must be obtained through diet.
- Sources of protein include animal products and legumes.
Understanding Fats
- Fats provide energy (9 calories/gram) and are categorized as monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated, and trans fats.
- Trans fats are unhealthy, raising LDL cholesterol while lowering HDL cholesterol.
- Unsaturated fats, typically found in fish oil and vegetable oils, help lower bad cholesterol.
Vitamins and Their Roles
- Essential for numerous bodily functions; 13 vitamins are crucial for health and are categorized into water-soluble (B-complex, C) and fat-soluble (A, D, E, K).
- Fruits and vegetables are the richest sources of vitamins.
Importance of Minerals
- Inorganic substances essential for forming bones and assisting enzymatic processes.
- Major minerals are required in larger amounts (e.g., calcium, phosphorus), while trace minerals are needed in smaller quantities.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
- Kwashiorkor occurs due to protein deficiency while caloric intake is sufficient, typically after weaning.
- Symptoms include edema, dry skin, and hair discoloration.
- Marasmus is marked by severe energy deficiency, leading to stunted growth and muscle wasting.
Causes of PEM
- Contributing factors include social and economic challenges, lack of breastfeeding, improper feeding, and high infection rates.
- Clinical presentations of PEM can vary based on type, severity, and duration.
Prevention Strategies
- Promote breastfeeding and provide nutrition education.
- Encourage low-cost weaning practices and ensure timely immunization.
- Food fortification can assist in preventing deficiencies.
Nutritional Needs for Adults
- Adults should consume 5-13 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, equating to 2.5 to 6.5 cups, based on caloric needs.
Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients
- Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) are needed in large amounts; they provide energy.
- Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are needed in small amounts and are essential for growth and development.
Nutritional Assessment
- Evaluates the health and nourishment status of individuals or populations.
- Factors influencing nutritional status include age, sex, nutrition behavior, and environmental conditions.
Balanced Diet Essentials
- Hydration is vital; water needs to be replenished daily via drinks and foods.
- Consuming a variety of foods from five major food groups ensures comprehensive nutrient intake:
- Bread/Cereal
- Vegetables
- Fruits
- Dairy
- Meat/Beans
Nutritional Deficiencies and Diseases
- Specific nutrient deficiencies lead to diseases such as beriberi (B1 deficiency) and rickets (D deficiency).
- Addressing these deficiencies through diet can prevent related health issues.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential roles of carbohydrates and proteins in nutrition. Learn about the differences between complex and simple carbohydrates, along with the importance of proteins in cellular structure and repair. Test your knowledge on dietary sources and functions of these macronutrients.
