Nutrition Chapter 2, 3 & 8 Review

Questions and Answers

Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?

Proteins (correct)

Carbohydrates (correct)

Vitamins

Fats (correct)

Define the term metabolism. How is metabolism related to the nutrients in food?

Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy.

What roles do carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play in the body?

Carbohydrates supply energy, fats provide energy and support cell function, and proteins aid in growth and repair of tissues.

What is cholesterol? How does diet affect cholesterol levels in the blood?

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance found in the body. A diet high in fats can increase cholesterol levels. Signup and view all the answers

Name some circumstances during which you might use your body's stores of glycogen?

When fasting for over 12 hours or when blood sugar drops. Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats contain no double bonds; unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of your total day's calories came from carbohydrates, fats, and protein if you consumed 2,500 calories?

48% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 17% protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is stress? Explain how stress can be both positive and negative.

Stress is the response to challenges or threats; it can motivate or overwhelm an individual. Signup and view all the answers

When do people experience stress?

During major life changes, catastrophes, and everyday problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term stressor?

An event or situation that causes stress. Signup and view all the answers

List the four general types of stressors and give an example of each.

<ol> <li>Major life changes (e.g., graduating from college), 2. Catastrophes (e.g., floods), 3. Everyday problems (e.g., homework), 4. Environmental problems (e.g., unsafe living conditions).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are vitamins? How do they differ from minerals?

Vitamins are nutrients made by living things, while minerals come from the earth. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of vitamins? Which vitamins fall into each class?

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, folate, biotin). Signup and view all the answers

Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?

Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur. Signup and view all the answers

What roles does water play in the body?

Water is essential for nearly all chemical reactions in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Define homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a steady internal state within the body. Signup and view all the answers

What vitamins are supplied by green leafy vegetables? By citrus fruits?

Green leafy vegetables provide vitamins K and E, while citrus fruits provide vitamins A and C. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways that people with high blood pressure can reduce their sodium intake?

By avoiding foods high in sodium. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how feelings of thirst can help a person maintain homeostasis on a hot day.

Thirst signals the need for hydration, helping to maintain homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

They provide information on smart food choices and balancing food intake with physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrients and Energy

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the three classes of nutrients that provide energy to the body.
Metabolism involves breaking down food into energy through chemical processes influenced by nutrients.

Nutritional Roles

Carbohydrates are primarily energy sources for bodily functions.
Fats provide energy, structure for cells, maintain body temperature, and protect nerves.
Proteins are essential for growth and tissue repair.

Cholesterol and Dietary Impact

Cholesterol is related to fat metabolism; a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet can elevate blood cholesterol levels.

Glycogen Usage

Glycogen, stored in the body, is used as an energy source when fasting for 12 hours or when blood sugar levels drop.

Types of Fats

Saturated fats contain single bonds in their chemical structure and are often found in dairy and meat.
Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are found in foods like walnuts and fish.

Caloric Breakdown

In a 2,500 calorie diet, carbohydrates provide 48%, fats 35%, and protein 17% of total caloric intake.

Understanding Stress

Stress is a physical and mental response to challenges or threats, with both positive (motivational) and negative (performance-decreasing) impacts.
Stress can arise during major life changes, catastrophes, or everyday issues.

Types of Stressors

Major life changes (e.g., graduating from college)
Catastrophes (e.g., natural disasters like floods)
Everyday problems (e.g., overwhelming homework assignments)
Environmental problems (e.g., unsafe living conditions)

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins are organic nutrients produced by living organisms, essential in small amounts for various body functions; minerals are inorganic and derived from soil and rocks.
Vitamins are classified into two groups:
- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
- Water-soluble vitamins: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, pantothenic acid, folate, biotin, and C

Essential Minerals

Seven vital minerals for the body include calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur.

Role of Water

Water is crucial for nearly all chemical reactions in the body, including energy production and tissue regeneration.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body.

Vitamins from Foods

Green leafy vegetables provide vitamins K and E.
Citrus fruits are rich in vitamins A and C.

Reducing Sodium Intake

To decrease sodium intake, avoid high-sodium foods, especially for those with high blood pressure.

Thirst and Homeostasis

Thirst signals the body to maintain hydration and thus supports homeostasis, especially in hot conditions.

Dietary Guidelines

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend making informed food choices and balancing caloric intake with physical activity.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chapters 2, 3, and 8 related to nutrition. Test your knowledge on the types of nutrients, their functions, and the metabolic processes involved in energy production. Ideal for students seeking to review these essential topics.