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Questions and Answers
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 1?
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 1?
800 calories/day
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 6?
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 6?
1600 calories/day
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 10?
What is the individual child's energy needs at age 10?
2000 calories/day
Individual children's energy needs vary widely, depending on?
Individual children's energy needs vary widely, depending on?
A malnourished child at age 3 will have diminished mental capacities at what future age?
A malnourished child at age 3 will have diminished mental capacities at what future age?
Nutrient needs change throughout life, depending on?
Nutrient needs change throughout life, depending on?
What percentage of US children consume diets ranked as 'poor' or 'needs improvement'?
What percentage of US children consume diets ranked as 'poor' or 'needs improvement'?
Nutrient deficiencies during growth often have long-lasting effects on?
Nutrient deficiencies during growth often have long-lasting effects on?
An infant's appetite decreases when?
An infant's appetite decreases when?
What guarantees that a child's intake will be right for each stage of growth?
What guarantees that a child's intake will be right for each stage of growth?
What are the protein needs for a child 0-1 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 0-1 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 1-13 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 1-13 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 14-18 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 14-18 years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 19+ years old?
What are the protein needs for a child 19+ years old?
What are carbohydrate recommendations based on?
What are carbohydrate recommendations based on?
How much carbohydrate does a 1 year old need?
How much carbohydrate does a 1 year old need?
What is the fiber recommendation for a child?
What is the fiber recommendation for a child?
Why is dehydration a major risk for older people?
Why is dehydration a major risk for older people?
How many cups of water do older adults need to drink to prevent dehydration?
How many cups of water do older adults need to drink to prevent dehydration?
Why is iron deficiency common in older people?
Why is iron deficiency common in older people?
How many elderly poor benefit from meals on wheels?
How many elderly poor benefit from meals on wheels?
What does Social Security provide retired people over age 62?
What does Social Security provide retired people over age 62?
Match the following Federal programs with their assistance type:
Match the following Federal programs with their assistance type:
How does the Food Stamp Program assist the very poor?
How does the Food Stamp Program assist the very poor?
What does Meals on Wheels provide seniors?
What does Meals on Wheels provide seniors?
What does the Meals on Wheels sponsored program Senior Nutrition Program provide?
What does the Meals on Wheels sponsored program Senior Nutrition Program provide?
What are the obstacles to nutrition adequacy for seniors?
What are the obstacles to nutrition adequacy for seniors?
Why does synthesis of Vitamin D occur in older adults?
Why does synthesis of Vitamin D occur in older adults?
As people age, synthesis of what vitamin declines?
As people age, synthesis of what vitamin declines?
What is the recommended dose for Vitamin D for adults age 71+ years old?
What is the recommended dose for Vitamin D for adults age 71+ years old?
What is the recommended dose for Vitamin D for adults age 51-70 years old?
What is the recommended dose for Vitamin D for adults age 51-70 years old?
What B vitamin may prevent some of the age-related loss of mental ability?
What B vitamin may prevent some of the age-related loss of mental ability?
What does MyPyramid for Kids provide parents?
What does MyPyramid for Kids provide parents?
The childhood years are the parents' last chance to influence their child's food choices by?
The childhood years are the parents' last chance to influence their child's food choices by?
What are the benefits of Family Meals?
What are the benefits of Family Meals?
What are the most common deficiencies worldwide in children?
What are the most common deficiencies worldwide in children?
A study of seemingly healthy British children revealed that?
A study of seemingly healthy British children revealed that?
For kids, what can cause iron deficiency?
For kids, what can cause iron deficiency?
Life expectancy: the average number of years lived by people in a given society in the U.S.?
Life expectancy: the average number of years lived by people in a given society in the U.S.?
The 'graying' of America means?
The 'graying' of America means?
What are the general protein needs for older people?
What are the general protein needs for older people?
What age group is the fastest-growing?
What age group is the fastest-growing?
How much has the 100yr+ population increased in the last decade?
How much has the 100yr+ population increased in the last decade?
How can too much protein affect older adults?
How can too much protein affect older adults?
Why are older adults deficient in Vitamin B12?
Why are older adults deficient in Vitamin B12?
How can older adults increase their vitamin B12 intake?
How can older adults increase their vitamin B12 intake?
Even borderline iron deficiency in kids can cause?
Even borderline iron deficiency in kids can cause?
In developing nations, nutrient deficiencies account for how many deaths of children under 4?
In developing nations, nutrient deficiencies account for how many deaths of children under 4?
In developing nations, nutrient deficiencies result in what health problems?
In developing nations, nutrient deficiencies result in what health problems?
Can older adults gain muscle mass once it has been lost?
Can older adults gain muscle mass once it has been lost?
What does physical activity mean?
What does physical activity mean?
What are the most common foods that trigger allergic reactions?
What are the most common foods that trigger allergic reactions?
What percent of children are diagnosed with true food allergies?
What percent of children are diagnosed with true food allergies?
When does a food allergy occur?
When does a food allergy occur?
Can Nutrition Help People Live Longer?
Can Nutrition Help People Live Longer?
What percent of adult women in the U.S. fail to obtain enough calcium?
What percent of adult women in the U.S. fail to obtain enough calcium?
Food intolerance symptoms?
Food intolerance symptoms?
What are the benefits of physical activity for the older adult?
What are the benefits of physical activity for the older adult?
After age 50, the energy intake recommendation is what percent lower each decade?
After age 50, the energy intake recommendation is what percent lower each decade?
Why is energy intake of older adults less?
Why is energy intake of older adults less?
Students in middle and high schools face temptations of junk food in vending machines?
Students in middle and high schools face temptations of junk food in vending machines?
Are nutrient needs higher or lower during adolescence?
Are nutrient needs higher or lower during adolescence?
Why do male teenage boys need more iron?
Why do male teenage boys need more iron?
Why do female teenage girls need more iron?
Why do female teenage girls need more iron?
What percent of adults have true food allergies?
What percent of adults have true food allergies?
Why are soft drinks not the best primary drink for teens?
Why are soft drinks not the best primary drink for teens?
What period of a child's life is crucial in bone development?
What period of a child's life is crucial in bone development?
How many calories does an inactive female need?
How many calories does an inactive female need?
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Study Notes
Child Nutrition
- Energy needs at age 1: Approximately 800 calories/day.
- Energy needs at age 6: Approximately 1600 calories/day.
- Energy needs at age 10: Approximately 2000 calories/day.
- Variation in energy needs is influenced by growth and physical activity.
- Malnutrition at age 3 can lead to diminished mental capacities by age 11.
- Nutrient needs depend on rate of growth, gender, activities, and individual factors.
- 81% of U.S. children have diets that are "poor" or "needs improvement."
- Nutrient deficiencies during growth adversely affect physical and mental development.
- Infant appetite typically decreases around the first birthday.
Protein and Carbohydrate Needs
- Protein needs for children aged 0-1: 1.5 g/kg/day, decreasing with age.
- For children aged 1-13: Approximately 1.0 g/kg/day.
- For teenagers aged 14-18: Approximately 0.85 g/kg/day.
- For adults aged 19+: Approximately 0.8 g/kg/day, typically met by a standard U.S. diet.
- Carbohydrate recommendations for children are based on brain glucose requirements.
- One-year-olds require a similar carbohydrate intake as adults due to brain size.
Hydration and Nutrient Concerns for Older Adults
- Dehydration risk is significant in older adults due to unreliable thirst and kidney efficiency.
- Recommended fluid intake for older adults is at least 6 cups/day.
- Iron deficiency in older adults can result from blood loss, poor absorption, and some medications.
- Approximately 25 million elderly individuals benefit from the Meals on Wheels program.
Older Adults and Nutrition Programs
- Social Security offers income to retired individuals over age 62 who contributed to the system.
- Food Stamps and Meals on Wheels are vital federal programs assisting older adults with nutrition.
- Meals on Wheels provides home-delivered meals and essential support services.
- Obstacles to adequate nutrition for seniors include living arrangements, dental issues, and medication interactions.
Vitamin D and B12 Needs
- Vitamin D synthesis declines with age, prompting higher intake recommendations (15 mcg/day for 71+ years, 10 mcg/day for 51-70 years).
- Vitamin B12 may help prevent age-related cognitive decline; older adults may struggle with its absorption.
Childhood and Adolescent Nutrition
- MyPyramid for Kids aids parents in providing nutritional balance for growth and development.
- Family meals foster healthy eating habits and emotional support.
- Common nutrient deficiencies in children globally include protein, energy, vitamin A, iron, and zinc.
Aging Population Statistics
- Life expectancy averages: 80 years for white women, 75 for black women, 75 for white men, 68 for black men.
- Since 1950, the population of individuals over age 65 has doubled.
- The fastest-growing age group is those over 85, with centenarians doubling in the last decade.
Physical Activity and Aging
- Physical activity contributes to better health outcomes in older adults, enhancing flexibility, balance, and overall health.
- Older adults' energy needs decrease with age due to a decline in metabolic rate and physical activity.
Adolescent Nutritional Needs
- Nutritional needs peak during adolescence, particularly for iron; boys require more for lean mass and girls require more for menstruation support.
- Energy intake for older adults is about 5% lower each decade past 50, necessitating careful dietary choices to avoid low nutrient density foods.
Food Allergies and Intolerances
- Only 3%-5% of children have true food allergies, often triggered by common foods like nuts and dairy.
- Food intolerances provoke symptoms without an immune response, unlike true allergies which can lead to anaphylactic reactions.
Lifestyle Factors for Longevity
- Healthy aging is influenced by moderate alcohol use, regular meals, weight control, adequate sleep, abstaining from smoking, and consistent physical activity, which can make one feel decades younger.
Key Deficiencies and Their Impact
- Borderline iron deficiency in children may lead to behavioral and cognitive impairments long before anemia appears.
- In developing nations, nutrient deficiencies lead to high mortality rates in children under 4 and associated health issues like blindness and stunted growth.
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