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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended approach regarding a child's food preferences during mealtimes?
Which of the following is the most effective way to enhance the nutritional density of a child's cereal intake?
At what age does a child typically begin to struggle with self-feeding, necessitating parental assistance?
Why should tea and coffee be restricted in a child's diet?
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Which statement is true regarding the inclusion of curd in a child's diet?
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What should parents avoid doing to promote healthy eating habits in preschool children?
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Which statement correctly describes the dietary needs of preschool children after one year of age?
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What is considered a key benefit of introducing a variety of foods to preschool children?
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Which of the following is essential for proper elimination in preschool children?
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What is recommended regarding the transition from infant to adult food for preschool children?
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Study Notes
Nutritional and Food Requirements for Preschool Children
- Parents are responsible for choosing food options for preschoolers, but children control their portion sizes.
- Children should be offered foods from all five basic food groups, including fruits and nuts.
- Gradual transitions from infant to adult foods are encouraged.
- Picky eating can be a form of defiance or protest for some children.
General Guidelines for Child Nutrition
- Flavor and color variations can entice children to eat.
- Respect children's food preferences and avoid forcing them to eat beyond their capacity.
- Maintain consistent meal times and create a pleasant environment, free from distractions like TV or computers.
- Include curd daily to reduce the possibility of diarrhea and colds.
- Mix plant-based foods with animal protein for balanced nutrition.
- Sufficient food intake is essential, but overfeeding with bulky foods can hinder energy intake.
- Fluctuations in appetite are normal, but if prolonged or accompanied by undernutrition signs, seek professional help.
Feeding, Dental Problems, and Decay
- Tooth decay can be linked to nutritional deficiencies.
- Vitamin A is vital for enamel, vitamin C for dentine, and calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are crucial for calcification.
- Fluorine reduces caries susceptibility.
- Sugary, sticky foods contribute to tooth decay.
Pica
- Pica involves the ingestion of non-nutritive substances like plaster, charcoal, or metal.
- It typically starts around 1-2 years old.
- Treatment includes education, guidance, counseling, and behavioral modification.
- Pica can lead to lead poisoning, iron deficiency anemia, and parasitic infections.
Children with Feeding Disorders
- Children with developmental disabilities like autism or cerebral palsy may face feeding challenges.
- Feeding issues can lead to failure to thrive, chronic illness, and even death.
- Common feeding disorders include aphagia, dysphagia, food refusal, excessive meal durations, choking, gagging, improper meal behaviors, and selective eating by type and texture.
Picky Eating
- Picky eaters may only accept a limited number of foods, resist new ones, avoid specific food groups, and have specific preferences regarding presentation and preparation.
- Picky eating can stem from psychological or physiological issues requiring correction.
Factors Responsible for Food Rejection
- Sickness
- Worm infestations, especially hookworms
- Fatigue
- Psychological distress, like school stress, parental absence, or relocation
- Distractions, such as engaging in play
Nutritional Related Problems of Preschoolers
- A 2007 UN report stated that 46% of children under 5 experience undernutrition.
- Approximately 35% of the world's undernourished children live in India.
- Malnutrition is responsible for 50% of all childhood deaths.
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
- PEM is a range of protein and energy deficiencies often linked to infections in young children.
- It frequently occurs in the 2-3-year-old age group.
- Children consuming similar diets can exhibit varying degrees of PEM.
Picky Eating and Food Habits
- Picky eating is common in childhood, and it tends to improve over time.
- Introduce new foods regularly, offer age-appropriate food choices consistently, and provide a supportive and understanding environment.
Dietary Deficiencies
- Nutritional deficiencies, lack of food variety, unattractive food presentation, repetitive food, unfavorable comments about food, food not to the child's liking, incorrect food temperature, snacks consumed before a meal, and insufficient eating time can all contribute to dietary deficiencies.
Nutritional Assessment using Anthropometric Measurements
- Surveys indicate that over half of Indian preschool children (1-5 years) experience subclinical undernutrition, as indicated by low weight for age.
- Around 65% display stunting, a sign of prolonged undernutrition.
- Weight-for-age, height-for-age, and arm circumference are the most accurate indicators of acute malnutrition prevalence.
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Description
This quiz covers essential nutritional guidelines and food requirements for preschoolers. It emphasizes the importance of offering a balanced diet from all five food groups while respecting children's food preferences and portion control. Explore strategies to make mealtime enjoyable and encourage healthy eating habits.
