Nutrition Chapter 12: Water and Minerals

Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Calcium (the most abundant), Magnesium, Chloride

Status of nutritional values, binders (oxalate, phytates), low food stores

Salts dissolve in water and dissociate into ions, both positive and negative ions.

<p>Atoms/molecules that have gained or lost electrons and have electrical charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cations are positively charged ions; anions are negatively charged ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One more proton than electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus, Calcium, and Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance, assists in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When blood sodium rises, thirst signals the person to drink until the appropriate sodium to water concentration is restored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If sodium drops, both sodium and water must be replenished through ordinary foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-12 cups (2-3 liters), most fruits and vegetables, many meats and cheeses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating. Symptoms include muscle cramps, mental apathy, loss of appetite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processed foods, table salt, soy sauce, meats, milks, breads, vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper level: 2300 mg/day; AI for 19-50 yrs: 1500 mg/day; AI for 51-70 yrs: 1300 mg/day; AI for &gt;70 yrs: 1200 mg/day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may contribute to high blood pressure, and excess salt results in a loss of calcium, diminishing bone health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged excessive sodium intake. Symptoms include edema and acute hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance, facilitates many reactions, supports cell integrity, assists in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inside the body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low amounts of potassium and high amounts of sodium raise blood pressure and increase the risk of death from heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All whole foods, including meats, milks, fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing often removes potassium while adding sodium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include irregular heartbeats, muscle weakness, and glucose intolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overconsumption of supplements or potassium salts, certain diseases or treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mineralization of bones and teeth, involved in muscle contraction and relaxation, nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Too much calcium can lead to kidney stones; low levels can cause uncontrolled muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomach acid keeps calcium soluble, and Vitamin D helps to make calcium-binding protein needed for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soluble calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milk and milk products like yogurt and cheese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts build bone, while osteoclasts break down bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone density decreases due to hormonal changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, adequate intake helps maintain proper blood calcium levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disease in which bones become porous and fragile due to a loss of minerals; caused mainly by aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aging, lifelong inadequate calcium intake, early menopause, vitamin D deficiency, genetics, low body weight, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through weight-bearing exercise like jogging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefits: supplies calcium to those intolerant or allergic; pitfalls include risk of high intake and possible heavy metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low dosages of calcium and in between meals is best.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus: mineralization of bones and teeth, energy metabolism; Magnesium: bone health, enzyme actions, nerve impulse transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus: all animal tissue; Magnesium: nuts, legumes, whole grains, dark greens, cocoa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus deficiency is very unlikely; magnesium deficiency can occur during alcohol abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rare but fatal, typically from supplements rather than diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers