Major Minerals and Calcium Functions

Structural component of bones and teeth, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

1000-1200 mg

Milk and milk products, canned fish, tofu made with calcium sulfate, leafy vegetables, calcium-fortified foods such as orange juice

<p>Increased risk of osteoporosis, may increase risk of hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.0-2.5 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase consumption of calcium-rich foods, such as milk, fish, and fortified foods, and consider consulting a registered dietitian or healthcare professional for personalized nutrition advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of proper fluid balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4700 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone strengthening, serves as a cofactor for certain enzymes, and maintains normal heart and nerve functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Component of bones and teeth, and maintenance of acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of proper fluid balance and production of stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Component of organic compounds such as certain amino acids and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of bones and teeth, and involved in muscle contraction, blood clot formation, nerve impulse transmission, and cell metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down bone where there is little stress and building bone where there is more stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Help regulate blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PTH signals osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not specified (varies by age and sex)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid milk, yogurt, and cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cottage cheese loses up to half of its calcium content during processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytic acid and oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broccoli, leafy greens (kale, collard, turnip, bok choy, mustard greens)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>300 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxalic acid in spinach reduces the availability of the plant's calcium content because it limits bioavailability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance calcium absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they often avoid consuming milk and milk products, the most reliable dietary sources of calcium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to age-related decline in calcium absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve calcium absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not a guarantee of product safety or effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because many people, especially women, do not consume enough calcium to meet their daily needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because their ovaries no longer produce estrogen, leading to an imbalance between bone loss and bone replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By tracking height; losing an inch or more of adult height may indicate osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis, men with low testosterone, and postmenopausal women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proper diet, regular exercise, and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide adequate calcium for building and maintaining strong bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight-bearing activities, such as running, jumping, and weightlifting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen helps regulate bone loss and replacement, maintaining strong bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age, gender, family history, low estrogen or testosterone, and small body frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise helps build strong bones and improve balance, reducing the risk of falls and osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reading food labels, choosing calcium-rich foods, and consuming fortified products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission of impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1500 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid accidental poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marathon running or working in extremely hot conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium nitrate, sodium citrate, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2325 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>180 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1200 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by a higher-than-normal concentration of calcium in the blood. Its signs and symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, and fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure. More than 10 million Americans have osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half of women and up to one-fourth of men who are over 50 years of age will have an osteoporosis-related fracture at some point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One in five older Americans who experiences a broken hip dies of complications related to the fracture within 1 year of the injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being a woman, growing older, having white or Asian ancestry, having a family history of osteoporosis, and having a small, thin-boned body frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 30 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of bone tissue begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the maximum daily intake of calcium that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure, while osteoporosis-related fractures are breaks in bones that occur due to osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately one-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3531 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below 2300 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular blood pressure screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 120/80 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration and sodium depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drinking fluids and eating salty foods or adding salt to foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No specific reason mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity and physical inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2300 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two or fewer drinks/day (men) and one drink/day (women and older adults)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stiffening of arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertensive Crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium is associated with higher blood pressure values, while potassium is associated with lower blood pressure values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh fruits and vegetables, and fruit and vegetable juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A healthy combination of diet and exercise, avoiding processed foods, eating mainly fresh meats, cheeses, nuts, fruits, and vegetables, and drinking only water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of CVD by following a diet low in sodium, total fat, and saturated fat, and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3400 mg per day for men, and 2600 mg per day for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming foods naturally rich in potassium and low in sodium can counteract high sodium intakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salty snacks and pizzas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk of toxicity, as the body cannot eliminate excess potassium, which can cause the heart to stop beating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No more than two drinks/day for men and one drink/day for women and older adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follow dietary recommendations of MyPlate, reduce salty food consumption, maintain a healthy body weight, and increase physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 30 to 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling his sodium intake, which led to his blood pressure being on a 'never-ending roller coaster ride'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating blood pressure and blood glucose levels, and maintaining strong bones and a healthy immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DASH diet, which is low in sodium, total fat, and saturated fat, and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can enhance bone health and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium deficiency, which can lead to symptoms such as loss of appetite, muscle cramps, confusion, and constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When he enrolled in a police academy and started an exercise program four months prior to entering the academy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attaining and maintaining a healthy body weight can reduce the risk of hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acorn squash</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lower blood pressure, and provide adequate amounts of potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue and loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3600 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein-rich foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because sulfur is part of many organic compounds and is not typically present in excessive amounts in food and beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because most people consume sufficient protein-rich foods that provide adequate sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their bodies absorb less of the mineral and urinary losses increase with advancing age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>350 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to increased urinary excretion of magnesium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining proper fluid and acid-base balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2300 mg (Adequate Intake, AI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because their kidneys do not excrete magnesium as effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinach, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, and chocolate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it can contain magnesium and other mineral nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can contribute to meeting magnesium needs, but the body does not absorb the form of magnesium (magnesium oxide) in multivitamin/mineral supplements very well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below 2300 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 2300 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1500 mg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid added salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Garlic, citrus juice, and herbs and spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the risk of hypertension increases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That they increased the risk of developing COVID-19 and caused more severe infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No increased risk of developing COVID-19 or severe complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the sodium content of the items</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requesting no salt be added to your food during preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers