Water and Major Minerals Quiz
40 Questions
12 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one of the chief functions of sodium in the body?

  • Supports cell integrity
  • Mineralization of bones and teeth
  • Assists in nerve impulse transmission (correct)
  • Facilitates energy transfer

Which of the following is NOT a significant source of potassium?

  • Processed foods (correct)
  • Whole foods
  • Legumes
  • Fruits

What is a deficiency symptom of calcium?

  • Vomiting
  • Stunted growth in children (correct)
  • Confusion
  • Muscular weakness

Which mineral plays a critical role in the mineralization of bones and teeth?

<p>Phosphorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common toxicity symptom of sodium?

<p>Edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the AI for calcium for adults aged 19-50 years?

<p>1000 mg/day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes magnesium’s role in the body?

<p>Supports the immune system and muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive potassium lead to if administered intravenously?

<p>Heart stoppage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary function of water in the body?

<p>Maintains blood volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral does NOT typically cause deficiency symptoms in a normal diet?

<p>Chloride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from magnesium deficiency in extreme cases?

<p>Bizarre muscle movements (A), Weakness and confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much water is typically recommended for adults per kcal expended?

<p>1.0 to 1.5 mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of water across the cell membrane?

<p>Electrolyte concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are primarily found inside the cell?

<p>Potassium and magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance acts as the first line of defense in acid-base balance?

<p>Buffers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteins play in fluid balance?

<p>Attract water and regulate fluid movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for maintaining electrolyte balance in the kidneys?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water molecules during the dissociation of salt in water?

<p>They dissolve and enable fluid movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmotic pressure?

<p>The amount of pressure needed to prevent water movement across a cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which minerals are typically found in the digestive juices of the GI tract?

<p>Various minerals that are reabsorbed as needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary health concern associated with excessive sodium intake?

<p>Acute hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base balance in the body?

<p>Phosphorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of potassium deficiency?

<p>Muscular weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a significant source of magnesium?

<p>Nuts and legumes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral does not typically show deficiency symptoms?

<p>Chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of calcium in the body?

<p>Muscle contraction and relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is essential for proper nerve functioning?

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of daily intake, what is the Adequate Intake (AI) for adult potassium?

<p>2400 mg/d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a known toxicity symptom of magnesium?

<p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does chloride play in the digestive system?

<p>Part of hydrochloric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason water follows electrolytes across cell membranes?

<p>Water follows the movement of solutes due to osmosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolytes are primarily located outside the cell membrane?

<p>Sodium and chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in the body's acid-base balance?

<p>They neutralize acids and bases to maintain pH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do kidneys contribute to maintaining electrolyte balance?

<p>By using aldosterone to regulate absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the movement of water when electrolytes move into the cell?

<p>Water moves into the cell following the electrolytes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sodium-potassium pump in fluid balance?

<p>It regulates ion movement and influences fluid distribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane?

<p>Osmotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

<p>Regulates blood pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended water intake for infants based on caloric expenditure?

<p>1.5 mL/kcal expended (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins contribute to fluid balance in the body?

<p>They regulate the movement of positive ions and attract water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Water's functions in the body

Water is essential for transport, structural support, metabolic reactions, dissolving substances (solvent), lubrication, temperature regulation, and maintaining blood volume.

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Maintaining the right amounts of fluids and charged particles (ions) inside and outside cells, ensuring electrical balance and proper function of cells and tissues.

Electrolytes

Minerals in body fluids that carry electrical charges (ions), crucial for fluid balance and nerve signals.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmotic pressure

The pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proteins' role in fluid balance

Proteins attract water and regulate the movement of fluids and ions across cell membranes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kidney's role in fluid balance

Kidneys regulate fluid balance through hormones like ADH, and control the amount of electrolytes in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acid-base balance

Maintaining the proper acidity (pH) of body fluids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Buffers

Substances in the body's fluids that neutralize acids to help maintain an optimal blood pH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lungs' role in acid-base balance

Lungs control carbon dioxide levels in the blood which affect blood pH, thus maintaining acid-base balance by regulating the production of carbonic acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sodium AI (19-50 yrs)

Recommended intake of sodium for adults aged 19-50 is 1500 mg per day.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sodium function

Sodium maintains fluid balance, aids nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chloride AI (19-50 yrs)

The recommended amount of Chloride intake for adults (19-50 yrs) is 2300 mg/day.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chloride function

Chloride helps maintain fluid balance and is part of stomach acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Potassium AI

Daily recommended potassium intake for adults is 2400 mg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Potassium Functions

Potassium maintains fluid balance, facilitates reactions, supports cell structure, and aids nerve signals and muscle contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcium AI (19-50 yrs)

The recommended amount of Calcium for adults (19-50 yrs) is 1000 mg per day.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcium Function

Calcium is vital for bone and teeth structure and functions in muscle, nerve, and blood functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphorus RDA

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of Phosphorus for adults is 700 mg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Magnesium RDA (19-30 yrs)

Daily Magnesium requirements are 400 mg for men and 310 mg for women, ages 19-30.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the main functions of water in the body?

Water plays many crucial roles: transporting nutrients and waste, providing structure to molecules, participating in metabolic reactions, dissolving substances, lubricating joints, regulating body temperature, and maintaining blood volume.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Recommendations

The recommended water intake for adults is 1.0 to 1.5 mL per calorie expended, while infants require 1.5 mL per calorie expended. You can also follow a simpler rule of thumb: ½ cup per 100 calories expended.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are electrolytes and why are they important?

Electrolytes are minerals in body fluids that carry electrical charges (ions). They are crucial for maintaining fluid balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does water follow electrolytes?

Water molecules are attracted to electrolytes due to their positive and negative charges. This attraction helps move fluids throughout the body. For instance, when electrolytes move across cell membranes, water follows, ensuring balance inside and outside cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. It helps to regulate the distribution of fluids within the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is osmotic pressure?

Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane. It's essentially the pressure needed to counteract osmosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do proteins regulate fluid and ion flow?

Proteins play a vital role in fluid balance. They attract water and regulate the movement of fluids and ions across cell membranes. For example, transport proteins help move ions across membranes, and water follows.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance?

Kidneys are the body's main regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance. They use hormones like ADH to control water retention and aldosterone to manage electrolyte levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are buffers and how do they maintain acid-base balance?

Buffers are substances in the body's fluids that neutralize acids and bases, helping to keep blood pH within a healthy range. They are the body's first line of defense against changes in acidity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do lungs contribute to acid-base balance?

Lungs play a key role in acid-base balance by regulating carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, which can then break down into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions, affecting blood pH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory Rate

The speed at which you breathe, which can change based on your body's needs (e.g., exercise, stress).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kidney Regulation

Kidneys control the balance of fluids and electrolytes in your body by choosing which substances to keep and which to remove in urine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urine Acidity

The acidity (pH) of your urine changes to keep the overall acid-base balance in your body in check.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bioavailability

How easily your body can absorb and use minerals from food.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Potassium Deficiency

Not enough potassium in your diet can lead to muscle weakness, paralysis, and mental confusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcium's Roles

Calcium forms bones and teeth, helps muscles move, transmits nerve signals, and helps blood clot.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphorus: An Essential Mineral

Phosphorus is important for many vital processes, including forming bones, building cells, and energy production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Magnesium for Muscles & More

Magnesium is essential for bone health, protein synthesis, muscle function, nerve signals, and even your immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Minerals: Nutrient Interactions

Different minerals can affect how your body absorbs or uses other minerals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Water and Major Minerals

  • Water Functions:
    • Transport of molecules
    • Structural support for molecules
    • Participation in metabolic reactions
    • Solvent (dissolving substances)
    • Lubricant
    • Body temperature regulation
    • Maintaining blood volume
  • Water Recommendations:
    • Adults: 1.0 to 1.5 mL/kcal expended
    • Infants: 1.5 mL/kcal expended
    • Equivalent to 1/2 cup per 100 kcal expended
  • Water Sources:
    • Liquids: 550-1500 mL
    • Foods: 700-1000 mL
    • Metabolic water: 200-300 mL
  • Water Losses:
    • Kidneys (urine): 500-1400 mL
    • Skin (sweat): 450-900 mL
    • Lungs (breath): 350 mL
    • GI tract (feces): 150 mL

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

  • Dissociation of Salts:
    • Salts in water dissociate into positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions).
    • These ions carry electrical current, making them electrolytes.
  • Electrolytes Attract Water:
    • Water molecules are polar (O⁻, H⁺).
    • This polarity attracts and dissolves salts enabling the body to move fluids.
  • Electrolyte Balance:
    • Positive and negative charges inside and outside cells must be balanced.
    • Sodium and chloride are primarily outside cells.
    • Potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and sulfate are primarily inside cells.
    • Water follows the movement of electrolytes across the cell membrane.
  • Osmosis:
    • Movement of water across a cell membrane toward the more concentrated solutes.
    • Osmotic pressure is the force needed to prevent water movement.

Proteins Regulate Fluid/Ion Flow

  • Proteins attract water and regulate fluid balance.
  • Transport proteins regulate the passage of positive ions.
  • Negative ions follow positive ions; water flows toward more concentrated solutions (e.g., Sodium-potassium pump).
  • Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance:
    • Digestive juices contain minerals which are reabsorbed.
    • Kidneys maintain fluid balance using ADH.
    • Kidneys maintain electrolyte balance using aldosterone.

Acid-Base Balance

  • Regulation by Buffers:
    • First line of defense
    • Buffers neutralize acids/bases.
    • Carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and proteins protect against changes in acidity.
  • Regulation by the Lungs:
    • Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.
    • Respiration adjusts to maintain acid-base balance.
  • Regulation by the Kidneys:
    • Selects which ions to retain and excrete.
    • Urine acidity fluctuates to maintain acid-base balance.

Minerals - An Overview

  • Inorganic elements: Essential for health and function.
  • Variable bioavailability: Absorption varies depending on factors (e.g., binders, phytates, oxalates).
  • Body's handling of minerals: Absorption, distribution, and use within the body.
  • Nutrient interactions: Minerals interact with other nutrients affecting their uptake.
  • Major Minerals: Present in amounts larger than 5 g. Example: Calcium, Phosphorus.
  • Trace Minerals: Present in smaller amounts. Example: Zinc, Copper.

Specific Mineral Examples

  • Sodium (Na+):

    • RDA: 1500 mg/day (19-50 years old)
    • Function: Fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction.
    • Deficiency symptoms: Muscle cramps, mental apathy, loss of appetite.
    • Toxicity symptoms: Edema, acute hypertension.
    • Sources: Table salt, soy sauce, meats, milks, breads, vegetables, processed foods.

  • Chloride (Cl-):

    • RDA: 2300 mg/day (19-50 years old)
    • Function: Fluid balance, part of hydrochloric acid in stomach.
    • Deficiency: Not common in normal circumstances.
    • Toxicity: Vomiting.
    • Sources: Table salt, soy sauce, meats, milks, eggs, processed foods.

  • Potassium (K+):

    • RDA: 2400 mg/day (adult)
    • Function: Fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contractions, many reactions, supports cell integrity.
    • Deficiency: Muscle weakness, paralysis, confusion.
    • Toxicity: Muscle weakness, Vomiting.
    • Sources: All whole foods (especially meats, fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes)

  • Calcium (Ca2+):

    • RDA: 1000 mg/day (19-50 years old)
    • Function: Bone and teeth mineralization, muscle contraction, nerve function, blood clotting, blood pressure.
    • Deficiency: Stunted growth in children, bone loss (osteoporosis).
    • Toxicity: Constipation, risk of urinary stones, interference with other mineral absorption.
    • Sources: Milk, milk products, small fish (with bones), green leafy vegetables, legumes.

  • Phosphorus (P):

    • RDA: 700 mg/day
    • Function: Bone and tooth mineralization, Part of every cell, important in genetic material, part of phospholipids, energy transfer, acid-base balance.
    • Deficiency: Less common
    • Toxicity: calcification of nonskeletal tissues.
    • Sources: All animal tissues (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk)

  • Magnesium (Mg2+):

    • RDA: Men (19-30): 400 mg/day; Women (19-30): 310 mg/day
    • Function: Bone mineralization, building of protein, enzyme action, muscle/nerve function, immune system.
    • Deficiency: weakness, confusion, severe symptoms.
    • Toxicity: diarrhea, alkalosis.
    • Sources: Nuts, legumes, whole grains, dark green vegetables, seafood, cocoa, etc.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Major Minerals PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the essential functions of water, its recommendations for different age groups, sources, and losses. Additionally, explore the role of electrolytes in fluid balance and their importance in maintaining health.

More Like This

Water and Electrolytes: Biological Role and Functions
17 questions

Water and Electrolytes: Biological Role and Functions

ValuablePurple avatar
ValuablePurple
Funciones de los riñones
18 questions

Funciones de los riñones

AchievableFir avatar
AchievableFir
Water and Electrolytes Overview
16 questions

Water and Electrolytes Overview

StableTheory avatar
StableTheory
Water in the Body and Functions
21 questions

Water in the Body and Functions

IrreproachableLanthanum140 avatar
IrreproachableLanthanum140
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser