Nutrition Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of wheat protein?

  • Poor in both lysine and methionine
  • Rich in methionine (correct)
  • Rich in lysine
  • Rich in both lysine and methionine
  • Why is a combination of wheat and kidney bean protein of higher biologic value?

  • Because both are rich in lysine
  • Because both are poor in amino acids
  • Because wheat is rich in methionine and kidney bean is rich in lysine (correct)
  • Because both are rich in methionine
  • What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis in a low-carbohydrate diet?

  • To spare proteins by providing energy from carbohydrates
  • To repair and maintain tissue proteins
  • To provide energy by burning carbohydrates
  • To provide energy by burning proteins (correct)
  • What is the recommended daily protein intake for a 70 kg individual?

    <p>65 gm of protein (10-15% of the total daily kilocalories)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of a high biologic value protein?

    <p>It decreases the required amount of protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess protein in the body?

    <p>It is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used to provide energy or to form lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended protein intake per kg of body weight per day?

    <p>0.8 g / kg body wt/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is protein intake increased during growth and recovery following an illness?

    <p>Because protein is required for the repair and maintenance of tissue proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vegetable proteins?

    <p>They are low in one or more essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition

    • Nutrition is the process by which the body uses food for energy, growth, and other functions.
    • Nutritional care involves applying nutritional knowledge to feeding individuals.
    • Nutritional status refers to the body's condition regarding food consumption and use.

    Good Nutritional Status

    • Good nutritional status is achieved by consuming a balanced diet that provides all essential nutrients.
    • This intake meets the body's needs and ensures proper growth and development.

    Poor Nutritional Status and Malnutrition

    • Poor nutritional status results from inadequate nutrient intake, which can lead to health problems.
    • Malnutrition occurs when there is a prolonged lack of one or more essential nutrients, causing physical development problems or specific clinical conditions.

    Food and Nutrients

    • Food is any material that, after ingestion, digestion, and absorption, is used to build and maintain body tissues, supply energy, and perform other functions.
    • Nutrients are chemical substances present in food, needed by the body to perform various functions.
    • Nutrients are divided into macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids).
    • A prudent diet helps reduce the risk of disease.
    • RDA is the amount of a nutrient required to provide good health and prevent deficiency syndromes for most individuals.

    Energy Content of Food

    • Energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal) and is expressed as the heat released by total combustion of food in a calorimeter.
    • Fats provide 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g.

    Energy Requirements in Humans

    • The recommended energy intake for a 70 kg adult male with light activity levels is approximately 2900 kcal.
    • Energy is used in the body through three processes: basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and physical activity.

    Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure

    • Factors affecting energy expenditure include surface area, age, sex, and body composition.
    • Energy expenditure is influenced by the type and duration of exercise, and individual factors such as height, weight, and lean muscle mass.

    Dietary Fiber

    • Dietary fiber includes several types, each with different chemical and physical properties, and effects on body function and metabolism.
    • The recommended intake of total fiber is 38 g/d for men and 25 g/d for women.
    • Fiber has beneficial effects on health, including preventing ketosis and supporting proper brain function.

    Carbohydrate and Blood Glucose

    • The glycemic index (GI) compares the effects of different carbohydrates on blood glucose levels.
    • Foods with low GI are useful in dietary management of diabetes and provide a feeling of satiety for a longer period.
    • Whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables have low GI's.

    Good Fats and Bad Fats

    • Good fats include unsaturated fats (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) that improve blood cholesterol levels.
    • Bad fats include saturated fats and trans fats that raise total blood cholesterol levels.

    Protein

    • Proteins are composed of linked amino acids and play a crucial role in maintaining tissue structure, function, and integrity.
    • The role of dietary protein is to provide essential amino acids, and excess protein is stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.
    • The recommended daily intake of protein is 0.8 g/kg body weight, which can be increased during growth and recovery from illness.

    Protein Quality and Vegetarian Diet

    • Protein quality varies according to source, with animal proteins having higher biologic values than vegetable proteins.
    • Vegetable proteins can be low in one or more essential amino acids, and combination of plant proteins can provide improved biologic value.

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    Description

    Learn about the processes of nutrition, nutritional care, and nutritional status. Understand the importance of a balanced diet and its impact on the body.

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