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Questions and Answers
Olive oil is a food source of monounsaturated fat.
Olive oil is a food source of monounsaturated fat.
True
Proteins are made up of sugars.
Proteins are made up of sugars.
False
There are 20 amino acids that our bodies need.
There are 20 amino acids that our bodies need.
True
Trans fats are formed through hydrogenation of oils.
Trans fats are formed through hydrogenation of oils.
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Legumes are not considered a source of protein.
Legumes are not considered a source of protein.
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Breads, cereals, and vegetables contain large amounts of protein.
Breads, cereals, and vegetables contain large amounts of protein.
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Vitamins provide energy (calories).
Vitamins provide energy (calories).
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There are 13 different vitamins known to be required each day for good health.
There are 13 different vitamins known to be required each day for good health.
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Vitamin D can be produced by the body.
Vitamin D can be produced by the body.
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Vitamins can be divided into two types: Fat Soluble and Water Soluble.
Vitamins can be divided into two types: Fat Soluble and Water Soluble.
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Some vitamins act as antioxidants.
Some vitamins act as antioxidants.
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Histidine is not one of the essential amino acids.
Histidine is not one of the essential amino acids.
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Glutamine is a type of carbohydrate.
Glutamine is a type of carbohydrate.
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Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that can be digested.
Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that can be digested.
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Simple carbohydrates are easy to digest and absorb.
Simple carbohydrates are easy to digest and absorb.
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Triglycerides are a type of lipid that includes oils and fats.
Triglycerides are a type of lipid that includes oils and fats.
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The recommended intake of fiber is 10-15 grams daily.
The recommended intake of fiber is 10-15 grams daily.
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All lipids provide 4 calories per gram.
All lipids provide 4 calories per gram.
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Functional fiber is isolated from natural sources or produced in a lab.
Functional fiber is isolated from natural sources or produced in a lab.
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Carbohydrates are classified into soluble and insoluble types.
Carbohydrates are classified into soluble and insoluble types.
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Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds are examples of food sources that provide lipids.
Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds are examples of food sources that provide lipids.
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The human body is made up of 40-50% of water.
The human body is made up of 40-50% of water.
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Calories intake varies based on sex, age, and physical activities.
Calories intake varies based on sex, age, and physical activities.
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Water is formed from hydrogen and nitrogen.
Water is formed from hydrogen and nitrogen.
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Essential nutrients include protein, fat, and carbohydrate.
Essential nutrients include protein, fat, and carbohydrate.
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Water does not play a role in regulating body temperature.
Water does not play a role in regulating body temperature.
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The recommended intake of Vitamin A is 600 µg.
The recommended intake of Vitamin A is 600 µg.
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Vitamin E has a recommended intake of 5 µg.
Vitamin E has a recommended intake of 5 µg.
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Vitamin B1 is also known as Thiamine.
Vitamin B1 is also known as Thiamine.
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Cobalamin is another name for Vitamin B7.
Cobalamin is another name for Vitamin B7.
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Vitamin K has a recommended intake of 80 µg.
Vitamin K has a recommended intake of 80 µg.
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Niacin is the other name for Vitamin B6.
Niacin is the other name for Vitamin B6.
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Vitamin B5 is known as Pantothenic acid.
Vitamin B5 is known as Pantothenic acid.
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The recommended intake for Vitamin D is 10 µg.
The recommended intake for Vitamin D is 10 µg.
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Study Notes
Macronutrients
-
Proteins: Made up of amino acids, providing energy and building, maintaining, and repairing body tissues
- Recommended intake: 0.8g/kg
- Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids: There are 20 amino acids, 500 can be found in nature, but humans can only produce 2, making essential amino acids crucial for a balanced diet
- Food Sources: Meat, fish, eggs, poultry, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds
-
Carbohydrates: Provide energy and can be classified into two types:
- Starches or Complex Carbohydrates: Take time to digest
- Simple Carbohydrates: Easy to digest and absorb
-
Lipids: Nutrients containing the most concentrated form of energy
- Types of Lipids: Triglycerides (oil/fat), steroids, phospholipids
- Function: Provide substances for growth and healthy skin, enhance food taste and texture, carry fat-soluble vitamins, provide energy, and protect internal organs
- Food Sources: Butter, vegetable oils, salad dressings, nuts and seeds, dairy products made with whole milk or cream, and meats. (Breads, cereals, and vegetables also contain small amounts)
-
Water: Major component in foods and human body
- Composition: 50-60% of the human body
- Functions: Helps with digestion and reabsorption of nutrients, essential for chemical reactions, transports substances throughout the body, acts as a lubricant and cushion, regulates body temperature
Micronutrients
-
Vitamins: Organic substances that do not provide energy (calories) but help regulate body processes. Most vitamins must be obtained through diet, except Vitamin D.
- Functions: Regulate chemical processes in the body; some act as antioxidants (Vitamin A, C, and E)
- Types: Fat Soluble (A, D, E, K) and Water Soluble (B, C)
-
Recommended Intake: Varies for each vitamin
- Vitamin A: 600 µg
- Vitamin D: 5 µg
- Vitamin E: 10 mg
- Vitamin K: 80 µg
Vitamin B
- General Function: Helps the body use energy from food, supports brain, nerve, and muscle function
- Food Sources: Whole grain and enriched breads and cereals, dry beans and peas, peanut butter, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and milk
-
Specific B Vitamins:
- Thiamine (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Niacin (B3)
- Pantothenic Acid (B5)
- Pyridoxine (B6)
- Biotin (B7)
- Folic Acid/Folate (B9)
- Cobalamin (B12)
Minerals
- Essential for Proper Body Function:
- Examples: Sodium, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Iodine, Copper, Potassium, Chloride, Cobalt, Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Selenium
Nutritional Needs
- Calories: Intake varies based on sex, age, and physical activity level
- Essential Nutrients: Protein, fat, and carbohydrates are crucial for metabolic function
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Description
This quiz covers the essential macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Learn their functions, recommended intake, food sources, and importance in maintaining health. Test your knowledge on how these nutrients contribute to energy and overall body function.
