Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats

Study Notes

Carbohydrates:
- Primary source of energy for the body
- Found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products
- Types: simple (sugars) and complex (starches and fibers)
Proteins:
- Building blocks of tissues and organs
- Found in animal products, legumes, and nuts
- Essential for growth and maintenance
Fats:
- Energy source and helps absorb vitamins
- Found in animal products, oils, and nuts
- Types: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated

Vitamins:
- Essential for various bodily functions
- Found in small amounts in a variety of foods
- Types: fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B, C)
Minerals:
- Essential for various bodily functions
- Found in small amounts in a variety of foods
- Types: macrominerals ( calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and trace minerals (iron, zinc, iodine)

Dietary Guidelines:
- Emphasize whole, unprocessed foods
- Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Limit intake of added sugars, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates
Meal Frequency and Portion Control:
- Aim for 3 main meals and 2-3 snacks per day
- Control portion sizes to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases

Malnutrition:
- Deficiency or excess of essential nutrients
- Can lead to various health problems, including stunted growth and impaired immune function
Diet-related Diseases:
- Obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer
- Can be prevented or managed through a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle

Vegetarian and Vegan Diets:
- Plant-based diets that exclude meat, fish, and poultry (vegetarian) or all animal products (vegan)
- Require careful planning to ensure adequate nutrient intake
Food Allergies and Intolerances:
- Adverse reactions to specific foods, such as peanuts, gluten, or lactose
- Require avoidance or modification of dietary intake

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body, found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, and come in two types: simple (sugars) and complex (starches and fibers).
Proteins are the building blocks of tissues and organs, found in animal products, legumes, and nuts, and are essential for growth and maintenance.
Fats are an energy source, help absorb vitamins, and are found in animal products, oils, and nuts, with three types: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.

Vitamins are essential for various bodily functions, found in small amounts in a variety of foods, and come in two types: fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B, C).
Minerals are essential for various bodily functions, found in small amounts in a variety of foods, and come in two types: macrominerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and trace minerals (iron, zinc, iodine).

Dietary guidelines emphasize whole, unprocessed foods, include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, and limit intake of added sugars, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates.
Meal frequency and portion control involve aiming for 3 main meals and 2-3 snacks per day, and controlling portion sizes to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases.

Malnutrition occurs when there is a deficiency or excess of essential nutrients, leading to various health problems, including stunted growth and impaired immune function.
Diet-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer, can be prevented or managed through a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.

Vegetarian and vegan diets are plant-based diets that exclude meat, fish, and poultry (vegetarian) or all animal products (vegan), and require careful planning to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
Food allergies and intolerances involve adverse reactions to specific foods, such as peanuts, gluten, or lactose, and require avoidance or modification of dietary intake.