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Questions and Answers
Which type of fat is considered the 'worst' fat?
Which type of fat is considered the 'worst' fat?
Vitamins can be classified into three types: lipid soluble, water soluble, and mineral soluble.
Vitamins can be classified into three types: lipid soluble, water soluble, and mineral soluble.
False
What is the primary function of proteins in the body?
What is the primary function of proteins in the body?
To make enzymes
The body consists of ____% water.
The body consists of ____% water.
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Match the following vitamins with their benefits:
Match the following vitamins with their benefits:
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Which nutrient is primarily broken down into glucose to provide energy?
Which nutrient is primarily broken down into glucose to provide energy?
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HDL cholesterol is known as 'bad cholesterol'.
HDL cholesterol is known as 'bad cholesterol'.
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What condition can result from a lack of vitamin C?
What condition can result from a lack of vitamin C?
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What is the primary role of fats in the body?
What is the primary role of fats in the body?
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HDL cholesterol is considered 'good' cholesterol.
HDL cholesterol is considered 'good' cholesterol.
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What condition results from a lack of vitamin D?
What condition results from a lack of vitamin D?
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Calcium is important for healthy ______, teeth, and blood clotting.
Calcium is important for healthy ______, teeth, and blood clotting.
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Which type of fat is classified as having multiple double bonds?
Which type of fat is classified as having multiple double bonds?
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Malnutrition occurs from a well-balanced diet.
Malnutrition occurs from a well-balanced diet.
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What are the two types of metabolism?
What are the two types of metabolism?
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Study Notes
Macronutrients
- Carbohydrates: Provide glucose, which converts to ATP (energy). Two types: simple and complex. Sources include DNA. 45-65% of daily caloric intake recommended.
- Proteins: Provide amino acids for enzyme production. Sources include ribosomes and cytoplasm. 10-35% of daily caloric intake recommended.
- Fats: Breakdown into fatty acids for cell membrane repair, insulation, and energy production when glucose is low. Help absorb vitamins and minerals. Sources include cell membranes. 20-35% of daily caloric intake recommended. Three types: unsaturated (good), saturated (bad), and trans (worst). Monounsaturated fats have one double bond; polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds.
Micronutrients
- Vitamins: Two classifications: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Examples include vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and K.
- Minerals: Essential for various bodily functions. Examples include calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, and zinc.
Water
- Distribution: Water comprises a significant portion of various body tissues, such as brain (80%), lungs (86%), blood (90%), and kidneys (83%). Overall body water content is approximately 70%.
- Functions: Water is crucial for detoxification, temperature regulation, joint lubrication, metabolism, nutrient delivery, and the respiratory process.
Nutrition Process
- Digestion: Food is broken down into absorbable nutrients, which enter the bloodstream and diffuse to body cells.
Cholesterol
- Types: HDL (good) and LDL (bad) cholesterol are two types of cholesterol.
Enzymes
- Types: Enzymes are biological catalysts speeding up bodily reactions. Examples include amylase, protease, lipase, pepsin, and lactase. Enzymes have different structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Metabolism
- Types: Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in the body. Two classifications include anabolism and catabolism.
Malnutrition
- Definition: Malnutrition is an imbalanced diet.
Recommendations for Healthy Body Composition
- Carbohydrates: 45-65%
- Fats: 20-35%
- Proteins: 10-35%
- Fiber: 20-25%
Vitamin Deficiencies
- Vitamin C Deficiency: Scurvy.
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets.
Mineral Deficiencies
- Calcium Deficiency: Rickets
- Iron Deficiency: Anemia
- Sodium Deficiency: Low blood sugar
- High Sodium Intake: High blood sugar
Food Composition
- Protein-Rich Foods: Foods crucial during growth periods.
- Carbohydrate-Rich Foods: Provide energy.
- Mineral-Rich Foods: Important for body protection.
Benefits of Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamin B1: Healthy nervous system
- Vitamin B2: Energy release, ion transport.
- Vitamin B3: Healthy skin and nervous system
- Calcium: Healthy bones, teeth, blood clotting, muscle.
- Iron: Produces hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
- Sodium: Water level regulation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of macronutrients and micronutrients. This quiz covers carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, essential for a balanced diet. Understand their roles and recommended daily intake percentages.
