Nutrition: Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are macronutrients?

Fats (correct)

Vitamins

Carbohydrates (correct)

Proteins (correct)

What do calories measure?

energy

Meat, fish, and poultry are considered sources of what?

complete protein

Fats in the diet do which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are essential components of the diet? (Select all that apply)

Alpha-linolenic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are micronutrients?

vitamins and minerals Signup and view all the answers

To reduce the intake of saturated fat in her diet, Diane should eat less of what?

cheese and red meat Signup and view all the answers

Food energy is measured in what unit?

kilocalories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids are true? (Select all that apply)

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of incomplete proteins?

Legumes Signup and view all the answers

What is a source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

olive oil Signup and view all the answers

What is a major role of fats?

Storing energy Signup and view all the answers

Major sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids include which of the following?

Soybean oil Signup and view all the answers

The role of alpha-linolenic acid is to?

maintain blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of trans fat must a food contain for the amount to be listed on a product's Nutrition Facts label?

0.5 Signup and view all the answers

The leading sources of saturated fat in the American diet include which of the following?

Whole milk Signup and view all the answers

The chemical process by which hydrogen atoms are added to molecules of unsaturated fats is known as?

hydrogenation Signup and view all the answers

Foods containing large amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are typically derived from what?

Plant sources Signup and view all the answers

Saturated fat and trans fatty acids tend to do what?

Increase the risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Canola, peanut, and olive oils are good sources of?

monounsaturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the waxy substance in blood responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D?

cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

soybean oil Signup and view all the answers

Low-density lipoproteins do what?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Jimmy is trying to reduce trans fat intake. He will be able to check for trans fat in products by?

checking ingredients for partially hydrogenated oil Signup and view all the answers

______ are essential nutrients the human body uses primarily for energy.

carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

To turn liquid oils into solid fats, hydrogen is added to what?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

Sucrose and fructose are examples of what?

Simple carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Trans fats have which of the following effects? (Select all that apply)

Decrease in high-density lipoprotein ('good cholesterol') Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are sources of complex carbohydrates? (Select all that apply)

Lentils Signup and view all the answers

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that does what?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

During the processing of whole grain to refined carbohydrates, which of the following occurs? (Select all that apply)

Calories are retained Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are responsible for transporting cholesterol to organs?

Low-density lipoproteins Signup and view all the answers

True or false: All the nutrients lost during the processing of refined grain products are replaced during the enrichment process.

False Signup and view all the answers

The two basic classifications of carbohydrates are?

Simple and complex Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Macronutrients include fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Micronutrients encompass vitamins and minerals.
Complete protein sources are meat, fish, and poultry.
Incomplete protein examples are nuts and legumes.

Calories and Energy

Calories measure energy intake.
Food energy is quantified in kilocalories.
Carbohydrates primarily serve as essential nutrients for energy.

Fats and Their Functions

Fats help absorb fat-soluble vitamins and enhance food flavor and texture.
Major roles of fats include energy storage.
Monounsaturated fats are found in olive oil; polyunsaturated sources include corn, cottonseed, and soybean oils.

Saturated and Trans Fats

Saturated fatty acids naturally occur in animal products and are solid at room temperature.
Leading sources of saturated fat in the American diet are hamburgers, hot dogs, and whole milk.
Trans fats raise levels of low-density lipoprotein ("bad" cholesterol) while decreasing high-density lipoprotein ("good cholesterol").
To reduce trans fat intake, check for partially hydrogenated oils in ingredient lists.

Essential Fatty Acids

Essential components of the diet include alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid.
The role of alpha-linolenic acid includes maintaining blood pressure.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that synthesizes vitamin D and hormones.
Low-density lipoproteins transport cholesterol to organs and tissues, potentially depositing in artery walls when excessive.

Processing Grains

During processing of whole grains to refined carbohydrates, the germ and bran are removed while calories are retained.
Not all nutrients lost in refining are restored during the enrichment process.

Carbohydrates

There are two main classifications of carbohydrates: simple (e.g., sucrose and fructose) and complex (e.g., lentils, rye, yams).
Unrefined complex carbohydrates digest more slowly, providing sustained energy.

Dietary Recommendations

To lower saturated fat intake, reduce consumption of cheese and red meat.
Trans fats must be listed on nutrition labels if they total 0.5 grams or more per serving.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of macronutrients and micronutrients, including their functions, sources, and roles in energy intake. Explore how fats, proteins, and carbohydrates contribute to overall nutrition and health. Test your knowledge on dietary fats, proteins, and their effects on the body.