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Questions and Answers
What type of nutrition occurs in organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis?
What type of nutrition occurs in organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis?
Which mode of nutrition involves obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter?
Which mode of nutrition involves obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter?
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
What is the end product of aerobic respiration?
What is the end product of aerobic respiration?
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What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the human respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the human respiratory system?
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What is the function of capillaries in the human circulatory system?
What is the function of capillaries in the human circulatory system?
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What is the function of the kidneys in the human excretory system?
What is the function of the kidneys in the human excretory system?
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What system is responsible for regulation and control in the human body?
What system is responsible for regulation and control in the human body?
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Study Notes
Nutrition
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Types of Nutrition:
- Autotrophic: Producing own food through photosynthesis (plants)
- Heterotrophic: Obtaining food from other sources (animals, fungi, etc.)
-
Modes of Nutrition:
- Holozoic: Ingesting solid food particles (animals)
- Saprotrophic: Obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter (fungi, bacteria)
- Parasitic: Obtaining nutrients from another living organism (parasites)
-
Nutrition in Humans:
- Mouth: Mechanical digestion of food
- Stomach: Chemical digestion of proteins
- Small Intestine: Absorption of nutrients
- Large Intestine: Absorption of water and electrolytes
Respiration
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Cellular Respiration:
- Aerobic Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
- Anaerobic Respiration: Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy (ATP) (in muscle cells)
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Human Respiratory System:
- Nose and Mouth: Air intake
- Trachea: Air passage
- Bronchi: Branching airways
- Lungs: Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
- Diaphragm: Muscle for breathing
Transportation
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Human Circulatory System:
- Heart: Pumping blood throughout the body
- Arteries: Carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart
- Veins: Carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Capillaries: Site of gas and nutrient exchange
-
Blood Components:
- Plasma: Liquid portion of blood
- Red Blood Cells: Carrying oxygen
- White Blood Cells: Fighting infections
- Platelets: Blood clotting
Excretion
-
Human Excretory System:
- Kidneys: Filtering waste and excess substances from blood
- Ureters: Transporting urine from kidneys to bladder
- Bladder: Storing urine
- Urethra: Eliminating urine from the body
-
Waste Removal:
- Urine: Liquid waste removal
- Feces: Solid waste removal
- Sweat: Excess water and ions removal
Regulation and Control
-
Nervous System:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves connecting CNS to body
-
Endocrine System:
- Glands producing hormones for regulation
- Examples: Insulin (glucose regulation), Adrenaline (stress response)
Nutrition
- Autotrophic nutrition: plants produce their own food through photosynthesis
- Heterotrophic nutrition: animals, fungi, etc. obtain food from other sources
- Holozoic nutrition: animals ingest solid food particles
- Saprotrophic nutrition: fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter for nutrients
- Parasitic nutrition: parasites obtain nutrients from another living organism
Respiration
- Aerobic respiration: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
- Anaerobic respiration: glucose → lactic acid + energy (ATP) in muscle cells
- Respiratory system: nose and mouth for air intake, trachea for air passage
- Lungs: site of gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
- Diaphragm: muscle for breathing
Transportation
- Heart: pumps blood throughout the body
- Arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
- Veins: carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Capillaries: site of gas and nutrient exchange
- Plasma: liquid portion of blood
- Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen
- White Blood Cells: fight infections
- Platelets: blood clotting
Excretion
- Kidneys: filter waste and excess substances from blood
- Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to bladder
- Bladder: stores urine
- Urethra: eliminates urine from the body
- Urine: liquid waste removal
- Feces: solid waste removal
- Sweat: excess water and ions removal
Regulation and Control
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves connecting CNS to body
- Endocrine glands: produce hormones for regulation
- Examples of hormones: insulin (glucose regulation), adrenaline (stress response)
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Description
Learn about the basics of nutrition, including types and modes of nutrition, as well as how humans digest food.
