Nutrition

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of autotrophs in the ecosystem?

To consume complex organic materials for energy

To decompose organic matter

To produce energy using available inorganic substances (correct)

To rely on other organisms for nutrition

Which of the following organisms are classified as autotrophs?

Green plants (correct)

Bacteria (correct)

Fungi

Animals

What process do autotrophs primarily use to obtain energy?

Anaerobic metabolism

Photosynthesis (correct)

Cellular respiration

Fermentation

What is the significance of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?

It enables the absorption of light energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about heterotrophs is true?

They depend directly or indirectly on autotrophs for survival Signup and view all the answers

During photosynthesis, what happens to water molecules?

They are split into hydrogen and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What do autotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

How do living organisms utilize carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis?

For immediate energy or storage as starch or glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What structures are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

How does air enter the human respiratory system?

Through the nostrils Signup and view all the answers

What role does mucus play in the respiratory system?

It filters the air entering the nostrils. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chest cavity when we breathe in?

It becomes larger. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature ensures that the air passage does not collapse?

Rings of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the extensive network of blood vessels in the alveoli?

To absorb oxygen from the alveolar air. Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen if the surface area of the respiratory organs is decreased?

Less oxygen will be absorbed. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is used by the lungs to draw air in during inhalation?

Expansion of the chest cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enzymes in intestinal juice?

To convert proteins into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What are villi, and why are they important in the small intestine?

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

How does the body regulate the exit of waste material?

Using the anal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What causes dental caries or tooth decay?

Bacteria producing acids from sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in dental health?

To neutralize acids and protect tooth enamel Signup and view all the answers

What happens to unabsorbed food in the digestive system?

It is sent to the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What process begins the formation of dental plaque?

Bacteria acting on sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive enzymes secreted by the small intestine?

To break down nutrients into simpler molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic filtration unit in the kidneys called?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are selectively re-absorbed during the formation of urine?

Glucose, amino acids, and salts Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of water re-absorbed in the kidneys?

The body's need for excess water and dissolved waste Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Ureter Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the urinary bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine Signup and view all the answers

What happens if kidney activity is reduced due to various factors?

Accumulation of poisonous wastes in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an artificial kidney?

To perform hemodialysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of lining do the tubes in an artificial kidney have?

Semi-permeable Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the dialysing fluid from blood?

It is devoid of nitrogenous wastes. Signup and view all the answers

During dialysis, waste products from blood enter the dialysing fluid primarily through which process?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily volume of initial filtrate produced in a healthy adult's kidneys?

180 L Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the majority of the filtrate produced in the kidneys?

It is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

How do plants primarily deal with excess water?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What waste product is generated during photosynthesis in plants?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy do plants use to excrete waste products?

Utilizing dead cells and losing parts like leaves Signup and view all the answers

Where do many plant waste products get stored?

In cellular vacuoles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophs are organisms that create their own food using simple inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water.
This process is called photosynthesis and is the main source of energy for autotrophs.
Examples of autotrophs are green plants and some bacteria.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Carbohydrates are used for energy, while excess amounts are stored as starch for later use.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food as they cannot synthesize their own.
Heterotrophs consume complex substances that need to be broken down into simpler ones for use.
This breakdown is facilitated by bio-catalysts called enzymes.
Animals and fungi are examples of heterotrophic organisms.

The Human Digestive System

Food is broken down into smaller molecules in the digestive system.
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption.
The small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi to increase surface area for absorption.
Absorbed nutrients are transported to the body's cells through blood vessels.

The Human Respiratory System

Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released through respiration.
Oxygen is absorbed by different organs in different animals.
In humans, air enters the body through the nostrils, passes through the throat and into the lungs.
Rings of cartilage in the throat prevent the air passage from collapsing.
The lungs contain numerous tiny air sacs called alveoli.
Exchange of gases happens within the alveoli where oxygen is absorbed by the blood.

The Human Excretory System

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood.
Nephrons are the basic filtration units in the kidneys.
Filtrated urine is collected in the cup-shaped end of a tube attached to each nephron.
Water and other essential substances are reabsorbed back into the blood.
The urine collects in the bladder and is expelled through the urethra.

Excretion in Plants

Plants use different methods for excretion compared to animals.
Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a waste product.
Plants remove excess water through transpiration.
Other waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles.
Plant tissues can lose some parts like leaves where excess waste products are stored.

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Description

Explore the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition in this quiz. Understand how these organisms create or consume food and the role of the digestive system in breaking down food. Test your knowledge on photosynthesis and the nutritional processes of various organisms.