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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of autotrophs in the ecosystem?
What is the primary role of autotrophs in the ecosystem?
- To consume complex organic materials for energy
- To decompose organic matter
- To produce energy using available inorganic substances (correct)
- To rely on other organisms for nutrition
Which of the following organisms are classified as autotrophs?
Which of the following organisms are classified as autotrophs?
- Green plants (correct)
- Bacteria (correct)
- Fungi
- Animals
What process do autotrophs primarily use to obtain energy?
What process do autotrophs primarily use to obtain energy?
- Anaerobic metabolism
- Photosynthesis (correct)
- Cellular respiration
- Fermentation
What is the significance of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?
What is the significance of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?
Which of the following statements about heterotrophs is true?
Which of the following statements about heterotrophs is true?
During photosynthesis, what happens to water molecules?
During photosynthesis, what happens to water molecules?
What do autotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into?
What do autotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into?
How do living organisms utilize carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis?
How do living organisms utilize carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis?
What structures are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?
What structures are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?
How does air enter the human respiratory system?
How does air enter the human respiratory system?
What role does mucus play in the respiratory system?
What role does mucus play in the respiratory system?
What happens to the chest cavity when we breathe in?
What happens to the chest cavity when we breathe in?
What anatomical feature ensures that the air passage does not collapse?
What anatomical feature ensures that the air passage does not collapse?
What is the primary purpose of the extensive network of blood vessels in the alveoli?
What is the primary purpose of the extensive network of blood vessels in the alveoli?
What is likely to happen if the surface area of the respiratory organs is decreased?
What is likely to happen if the surface area of the respiratory organs is decreased?
What mechanism is used by the lungs to draw air in during inhalation?
What mechanism is used by the lungs to draw air in during inhalation?
What is the primary function of the enzymes in intestinal juice?
What is the primary function of the enzymes in intestinal juice?
What are villi, and why are they important in the small intestine?
What are villi, and why are they important in the small intestine?
How does the body regulate the exit of waste material?
How does the body regulate the exit of waste material?
What causes dental caries or tooth decay?
What causes dental caries or tooth decay?
What is the role of saliva in dental health?
What is the role of saliva in dental health?
What happens to unabsorbed food in the digestive system?
What happens to unabsorbed food in the digestive system?
What process begins the formation of dental plaque?
What process begins the formation of dental plaque?
What is the main function of the digestive enzymes secreted by the small intestine?
What is the main function of the digestive enzymes secreted by the small intestine?
What is the basic filtration unit in the kidneys called?
What is the basic filtration unit in the kidneys called?
Which substances are selectively re-absorbed during the formation of urine?
Which substances are selectively re-absorbed during the formation of urine?
What determines the amount of water re-absorbed in the kidneys?
What determines the amount of water re-absorbed in the kidneys?
Which structure connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
Which structure connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
What is the role of the urinary bladder in the excretory system?
What is the role of the urinary bladder in the excretory system?
What happens if kidney activity is reduced due to various factors?
What happens if kidney activity is reduced due to various factors?
What is the primary function of an artificial kidney?
What is the primary function of an artificial kidney?
What type of lining do the tubes in an artificial kidney have?
What type of lining do the tubes in an artificial kidney have?
What characteristic distinguishes the dialysing fluid from blood?
What characteristic distinguishes the dialysing fluid from blood?
During dialysis, waste products from blood enter the dialysing fluid primarily through which process?
During dialysis, waste products from blood enter the dialysing fluid primarily through which process?
What is the daily volume of initial filtrate produced in a healthy adult's kidneys?
What is the daily volume of initial filtrate produced in a healthy adult's kidneys?
What happens to the majority of the filtrate produced in the kidneys?
What happens to the majority of the filtrate produced in the kidneys?
How do plants primarily deal with excess water?
How do plants primarily deal with excess water?
What waste product is generated during photosynthesis in plants?
What waste product is generated during photosynthesis in plants?
Which strategy do plants use to excrete waste products?
Which strategy do plants use to excrete waste products?
Where do many plant waste products get stored?
Where do many plant waste products get stored?
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Study Notes
Autotrophic Nutrition
- Autotrophs are organisms that create their own food using simple inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water.
- This process is called photosynthesis and is the main source of energy for autotrophs.
- Examples of autotrophs are green plants and some bacteria.
- During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
- Carbohydrates are used for energy, while excess amounts are stored as starch for later use.
Heterotrophic Nutrition
- Heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food as they cannot synthesize their own.
- Heterotrophs consume complex substances that need to be broken down into simpler ones for use.
- This breakdown is facilitated by bio-catalysts called enzymes.
- Animals and fungi are examples of heterotrophic organisms.
The Human Digestive System
- Food is broken down into smaller molecules in the digestive system.
- The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption.
- The small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi to increase surface area for absorption.
- Absorbed nutrients are transported to the body's cells through blood vessels.
The Human Respiratory System
- Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released through respiration.
- Oxygen is absorbed by different organs in different animals.
- In humans, air enters the body through the nostrils, passes through the throat and into the lungs.
- Rings of cartilage in the throat prevent the air passage from collapsing.
- The lungs contain numerous tiny air sacs called alveoli.
- Exchange of gases happens within the alveoli where oxygen is absorbed by the blood.
The Human Excretory System
- The kidneys filter waste products from the blood.
- Nephrons are the basic filtration units in the kidneys.
- Filtrated urine is collected in the cup-shaped end of a tube attached to each nephron.
- Water and other essential substances are reabsorbed back into the blood.
- The urine collects in the bladder and is expelled through the urethra.
Excretion in Plants
- Plants use different methods for excretion compared to animals.
- Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a waste product.
- Plants remove excess water through transpiration.
- Other waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles.
- Plant tissues can lose some parts like leaves where excess waste products are stored.
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