Nutrition and Health Quiz

Iatrogenic Malnutrition

• A nutritional disease resulting from medical treatment to a patient with drugs, surgery, or therapeutic diet

Food Labels

• Olestra is an FDA approved fat substitute
• Products labeled as "cholesterol free" contain less than 2 mg of cholesterol per serving

Carbohydrates

• Starch is broken down into glucose through enzymatic Amylase
• Glucose is synthesized into starch through dehydration synthesis

Blood Sugar

• Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar (glucose)
• Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (glucose)

Nutrition Labeling Education Act

• A federal law allowing health claims on food labels

Peristalsis

• Muscle contractions that move food and liquids through the digestive tract
• The esophagus moves food from the throat to the stomach

Glycogen

• Contains 2/3 water

Fat

• Contains 1/5 water

Muscle

• Contains ¾ water

Water

• Makes up approximately 60% of total body weight
• Makes up approximately 70% of lean mass muscle
• Can lead to water intoxication with large amounts of consumption when not enough electrolytes are present to maintain water balance

Water Functions

• Solvent of nutrients
• Facilitates growth through stimulating metabolism
• Catalyst of many biological reactions
• Lubricant of joints
• Temperature regulator
• Source of trace elements like fluorine, zinc, and copper
• Essential for urine production to excrete waste

Iodine Deficiency

• Can cause goiter, swelling of the neck due to enlargement of the thyroid gland
• The iodine of salt has decreased the incidence of goiter

Minerals

• Do not provide energy/kcals
• Organic minerals: substances composed of living material.
• Inorganic minerals: substances of non-living material
• Essential minerals are classified as either:
  • Macronutrients : present in relatively high concentration (>50 ppm)
  • Micronutrients (Trace elements): present in lower concentration (< 50 ppm)

Mineral Functions

• Maintain Acid/Base Balance
• Catalysts for biological reactions
• Compounds of essential body compounds (such as hormones and enzymes)
• Maintain Water Balance
  • Intravascular: within the blood
  • Intervascular/Extravascular: between/outside the cell
  • Intracellular: within the cell
• Transmission of Nerve Impulses
• Regulation of Contractility of Muscles

Calcium

• Supplements include calcium carbonate and calcium citrate

Weight Loss

• It is difficult to sustain weight loss for more than 3 years
• 3500 kcals = 1lb
  • To lose 1 lb/week: Decrease daily calories by 500
  • To lose 2 lbs/week: Decrease daily calories by 1000
  • To lose 1 lb/2 weeks: Decrease daily calories by 250
• Ideal weight loss/gain: 1/2 -- 2lbs per week
• Most likely method to succeed: Increase activity, decrease junk food and eat quality foods

Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia
• Binge eating Disorder
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Zinc

• Functions: Reproduction, wound healing, affects taste (hypogeusia), growth
• Zinc acts in metalloenzymes
• Food sources: Meat, seafood, and whole grains
• RDA: 15 mg/day; Therapeutic dose - 25 mg/day
• Too much zinc with decreased need = increased GI distress

Selenium

• Functions as an antioxidant along with Vitamin C, E, and beta carotene

Boron

• Prevents bone loss in post-menopausal women

Sulfur

• Found in cabbage family vegetables (cabbage, Brussel sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower)
• Contains allyl sulfur which decreases risk of cancer

Test your knowledge on various aspects of nutrition and health, including iatrogenic malnutrition, food labeling, and the role of macronutrients. This quiz covers key concepts like blood sugar levels, peristalsis, and the Nutrition Labeling Education Act. Gain insights into how different nutrients affect the body and overall health.