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Questions and Answers
What is the most likely consequence of rapid weight loss?
What is the calorie deficit required to lose 1 pound in a week?
How much weight would result from consuming an extra 125 kcal per day over a year?
What is a potential risk of being underweight?
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Which statement best describes the ideal rate of weight loss?
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What kind of eating patterns are suggested for successful long-term weight management?
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What role does the hypothalamus play in appetite regulation?
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What percentage of the body's water is typically intracellular?
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Which of the following functions is NOT associated with zinc?
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What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of zinc for adults?
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Which mineral is primarily responsible for stimulating muscle contractions?
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What symptom is most directly associated with zinc deficiency?
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Which of the following conditions is a result of inadequate iodine intake?
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What is the role of water in regulating body temperature?
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What is the impact of excessive zinc intake on the gastrointestinal system?
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Which trace element is commonly found in water that contributes to various bodily functions?
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Which food sources are highest in zinc?
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In the context of macronutrients, which of the following does NOT provide energy or calories?
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Which of the following elements is classified as a macronutrient?
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What role does zinc play in wound healing?
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What is the significance of the iodization of salt?
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What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
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What role does zinc play in the body, particularly during wound healing?
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Which compartment is NOT part of the body's water balance system?
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Study Notes
Iatrogenic Malnutrition
- A nutritional disease resulting from medical treatment to a patient with drugs, surgery, or therapeutic diet
Food Labels
- Olestra is an FDA approved fat substitute
- Products labeled as "cholesterol free" contain less than 2 mg of cholesterol per serving
Carbohydrates
- Starch is broken down into glucose through enzymatic Amylase
- Glucose is synthesized into starch through dehydration synthesis
Blood Sugar
- Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar (glucose)
- Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (glucose)
Nutrition Labeling Education Act
- A federal law allowing health claims on food labels
Peristalsis
- Muscle contractions that move food and liquids through the digestive tract
- The esophagus moves food from the throat to the stomach
Glycogen
- Contains 2/3 water
Fat
- Contains 1/5 water
Muscle
- Contains ¾ water
Water
- Makes up approximately 60% of total body weight
- Makes up approximately 70% of lean mass muscle
- Can lead to water intoxication with large amounts of consumption when not enough electrolytes are present to maintain water balance
Water Functions
- Solvent of nutrients
- Facilitates growth through stimulating metabolism
- Catalyst of many biological reactions
- Lubricant of joints
- Temperature regulator
- Source of trace elements like fluorine, zinc, and copper
- Essential for urine production to excrete waste
Iodine Deficiency
- Can cause goiter, swelling of the neck due to enlargement of the thyroid gland
- The iodine of salt has decreased the incidence of goiter
Minerals
- Do not provide energy/kcals
- Organic minerals: substances composed of living material.
- Inorganic minerals: substances of non-living material
- Essential minerals are classified as either:
- Macronutrients : present in relatively high concentration (>50 ppm)
- Micronutrients (Trace elements): present in lower concentration (< 50 ppm)
Mineral Functions
- Maintain Acid/Base Balance
- Catalysts for biological reactions
- Compounds of essential body compounds (such as hormones and enzymes)
- Maintain Water Balance
- Intravascular: within the blood
- Intervascular/Extravascular: between/outside the cell
- Intracellular: within the cell
- Transmission of Nerve Impulses
- Regulation of Contractility of Muscles
Calcium
- Supplements include calcium carbonate and calcium citrate
Weight Loss
- It is difficult to sustain weight loss for more than 3 years
- 3500 kcals = 1lb
- To lose 1 lb/week: Decrease daily calories by 500
- To lose 2 lbs/week: Decrease daily calories by 1000
- To lose 1 lb/2 weeks: Decrease daily calories by 250
- Ideal weight loss/gain: 1/2 -- 2lbs per week
- Most likely method to succeed: Increase activity, decrease junk food and eat quality foods
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia
- Binge eating Disorder
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Zinc
- Functions: Reproduction, wound healing, affects taste (hypogeusia), growth
- Zinc acts in metalloenzymes
- Food sources: Meat, seafood, and whole grains
- RDA: 15 mg/day; Therapeutic dose - 25 mg/day
- Too much zinc with decreased need = increased GI distress
Selenium
- Functions as an antioxidant along with Vitamin C, E, and beta carotene
Boron
- Prevents bone loss in post-menopausal women
Sulfur
- Found in cabbage family vegetables (cabbage, Brussel sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower)
- Contains allyl sulfur which decreases risk of cancer
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Description
Test your knowledge on various aspects of nutrition and health, including iatrogenic malnutrition, food labeling, and the role of macronutrients. This quiz covers key concepts like blood sugar levels, peristalsis, and the Nutrition Labeling Education Act. Gain insights into how different nutrients affect the body and overall health.
